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This study aims to evaluate and compare the acute effects of Kinesio taping applied to the knee and ankle on balance, proprioception, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Designed as a randomized crossover trial, the study will include 24 healthy volleyball athletes with at least 5 years of experience. All participants will receive both ankle and knee taping interventions, separated by a one-week washout period. Assessments will be conducted at four time points: before and after each taping. Outcome measures include the Y-Balance Test, proprioception tests, and LESS.
Objective:
This study aims to evaluate and compare the acute effects of Kinesio taping applied to the knee and ankle on balance, proprioception, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk, assessed via the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS).
Methods:
A randomized crossover design will be used. The study will be conducted at Gazi University with 24 healthy adult volleyball athletes (≥18 years) who have been licensed players for at least 5 years. Participants will be randomly assigned to two experimental sequences:
Group A: knee taping followed by ankle taping
Group B: ankle taping followed by knee taping Each taping intervention will be separated by a one-week washout period. Assessments will be performed immediately before and after each taping session.
Knee taping will be performed using a valgus-control spiral taping technique with 50% stretch. Ankle taping will be conducted using the "figure-of-eight" method, also with 50% stretch. All applications will be administered by the same licensed physiotherapist to ensure consistency.
Outcome Measures:
Balance: Y-Balance Test (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral reach)
Proprioception: Joint position sense tests for the knee and ankle (with eyes closed, angular replication tasks)
Injury Risk: LESS test evaluating landing biomechanics and scoring 17 specific kinematic errors
Statistical analyses will be performed using SPSS v24.0. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests will be used depending on data normality. A significance level of p<0.05 will be adopted.
Expected Results:
Kinesio taping is expected to acutely enhance proprioceptive feedback and postural control in both the knee and ankle, resulting in improved landing mechanics and a reduction in ACL injury risk. The relative effectiveness of each taping site will also be compared.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kinesio Taping (KT) applied to the knee then ankle | Experimental | Participants receive kinesio taping on the dominant knee first, followed by ankle taping after a 1-week washout period. |
|
| Kinesio Taping (KT) applied to the ankle then knee | Experimental | Participants receive kinesio taping on the dominant ankle first, followed by knee taping after a 1-week washout period. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kinesio Taping (KT) applied to the knee then ankle | Procedure | Procedure/Surgery: Procedure/Surgery: Kinesio Taping (KT) applied to the knee or ankle Kinesio taping was applied using a standard Y-strip with approximately 50% tension over the dominant lower extremity. In the "Knee Taping" condition, the tape was applied over the vastus medialis oblique and patellar tendon. In the "Ankle Taping" condition, the tape was applied over the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles. Each taping intervention was performed by a trained physiotherapist and remained in place during the assessment session. The purpose of the intervention is to examine the acute effects of kinesio taping on balance, proprioception, and ACL injury risk using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Landing biomechanics score based on LESS (Landing Error Scoring System) | The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is a reliable observational tool used to identify high-risk movement patterns associated with ACL injury. Participants will perform a standardized drop-jump task, and movement errors will be scored using the LESS protocol. A higher score indicates greater movement dysfunction and a potentially elevated risk of ACL injury. The scoring will be performed by a trained assessor using video analysis from frontal and sagittal views. | "Immediately after each taping intervention (same day)" |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Dynamic balance score based on the Y-Balance Test | The Y-Balance Test is a reliable clinical tool used to assess dynamic balance and neuromuscular control of the lower extremity. Participants will be asked to perform maximal reach in three directions (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral) while maintaining single-leg stance on the dominant leg. The composite score will be calculated based on reach distances normalized to leg length. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zuhal Şevval Gökdere | Contact | 05300696373 | zuhalgokderee@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gaziosmapasa University | Tokat Province | 60100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18678953 | Result | Monferrer D, Tralau T, Kertesz MA, Panjikar S, Uson I. High crystallizability under air-exclusion conditions of the full-length LysR-type transcriptional regulator TsaR from Comamonas testosteroni T-2 and data-set analysis for a MIRAS structure-solution approach. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun. 2008 Aug 1;64(Pt 8):764-9. doi: 10.1107/S1744309108019738. Epub 2008 Jul 31. | |
| 24198658 |
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IPD will not be shared due to privacy concerns and institutional restrictions. The data includes sensitive health-related information, and consent for public data sharing was not obtained from participants.
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot | Yes | No | No | Study Protocol | Aug 13, 2025 | Aug 13, 2025 |
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This study is a randomized crossover trial in which each participant receives both kinesio taping interventions-one applied to the ankle and the other to the knee-with a one-week washout period between conditions. Participants are randomly assigned to either Group A (knee taping first, then ankle taping) or Group B (ankle taping first, then knee taping). Assessments are conducted immediately before and after each taping application. The study aims to compare the acute effects of taping on balance, proprioception, and ACL injury risk using standardized clinical outcome measures.
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|
| Kinesio Taping (KT) applied to the ankle then knee | Procedure | Kinesio taping was applied using a standard Y-strip with approximately 50% tension over the dominant lower extremity. In the "Knee Taping" condition, the tape was applied over the vastus medialis oblique and patellar tendon. In the "Ankle Taping" condition, the tape was applied over the peroneus longus and tibialis anterior muscles. Each taping intervention was performed by a trained physiotherapist and remained in place during the assessment session. The purpose of the intervention is to examine the acute effects of kinesio taping on balance, proprioception, and ACL injury risk using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). |
|
| "Immediately after each taping intervention (same day)" |
| Proprioception accuracy based on joint position sense | Joint position sense (JPS) will be assessed using a digital inclinometer to evaluate the ability to reproduce specific knee and ankle joint angles. Participants will be blindfolded and asked to actively replicate a target angle, and the absolute angular error (in degrees) between target and replicated positions will be recorded. Lower error indicates better proprioceptive accuracy. | "Immediately after each taping intervention (same day)" |
| Result |
| Choi SH, Lee BH, Kim HJ, Jung SW, Hwang SH, Nah SY. Differential effects of ginsenoside metabolites on slowly activating delayed rectifier K(+) and KCNQ1 K(+) channel currents. J Ginseng Res. 2013 Jul;37(3):324-31. doi: 10.5142/jgr.2013.37.324. |
| 15870638 | Result | Treuth MS, Butte NF, Puyau M. Pregnancy-related changes in physical activity, fitness, and strength. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2005 May;37(5):832-7. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000161749.38453.02. |
| 10999422 | Result | Braith RW, Edwards DG. Exercise following heart transplantation. Sports Med. 2000 Sep;30(3):171-92. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200030030-00003. |
| 19962074 | Result | Siparsky PN, Kocher MS. Current concepts in pediatric and adolescent arthroscopy. Arthroscopy. 2009 Dec;25(12):1453-69. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.03.011. Epub 2009 Jul 24. |
| 19170587 | Result | Abrams PJ, Emerson CR. Rivaroxaban: a novel, oral, direct factor Xa inhibitor. Pharmacotherapy. 2009 Feb;29(2):167-81. doi: 10.1592/phco.29.2.167. |
| 22892410 | Result | Schatz P, Moser RS, Solomon GS, Ott SD, Karpf R. Prevalence of invalid computerized baseline neurocognitive test results in high school and collegiate athletes. J Athl Train. 2012 May-Jun;47(3):289-96. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.3.14. |
| 20805695 | Result | Koitabashi K, Okamoto K, Arirto M, Sato T, Nagai K, Kurokawa MS, Suematsu N, Yasuda T, Kimura K, Kato T. Micro-sieving: isolation of whole glomeruli from a single renal needle biopsy sample. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;117(3):c225-9. doi: 10.1159/000320198. Epub 2010 Aug 31. |
| 26714740 | Result | Saumoy M, Jesudian AB, Aden B, Serur D, Sundararajan S, Sivananthan G, Gambarin-Gelwan M. High prevalence of colon adenomas in end-stage kidney disease patients on hemodialysis undergoing renal transplant evaluation. Clin Transplant. 2016 Mar;30(3):256-62. doi: 10.1111/ctr.12684. Epub 2016 Jan 30. |
| 35366082 | Result | Ohji M, Okada AA, Sasaki K, Moon SC, Machewitz T, Takahashi K; ALTAIR Investigators. Correction to: Relationship between retinal fluid and visual acuity in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal aflibercept using a treat-and-extend regimen: subgroup and post-hoc analyses from the ALTAIR study. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022 Jul;260(7):2395-2396. doi: 10.1007/s00417-022-05621-w. No abstract available. |
| 34916884 | Result | Schultz H, Ying GS, Dunaief JL, Dunaief DM. Rising Plasma Beta-Carotene Is Associated With Diminishing C-Reactive Protein in Patients Consuming a Dark Green Leafy Vegetable-Rich, Low Inflammatory Foods Everyday (LIFE) Diet. Am J Lifestyle Med. 2019 Dec 21;15(6):634-643. doi: 10.1177/1559827619894954. eCollection 2021 Nov-Dec. |
| Prot_000.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070598 | Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007718 | Knee Injuries |
| D007869 | Leg Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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