This is a prospective, open label, controlled, single center real-world observational study. Adult (aged ≥ 18 years) patients with hematological malignancies develop breakthrough invasive fungal disease after receiving ≥ 7 days of echinocandin or triazole antifungal prophylaxis receive treatment with liposomal amphotericin B or treatment with Isavuconazole or posaconazole according to the clinical doctor's decision. It is planed to collect 36 patients receiving treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and 36 patients receiving treatment with Isavuconazole or posaconazole, and observe their efficacy and safety.

This is a prospective, open label, controlled, single center real-world observational study. Adult (aged ≥ 18 years) patients with hematological malignancies develop breakthrough invasive fungal disease after receiving ≥ 7 days of echinocandin or triazole antifungal prophylaxis receive treatment with liposomal amphotericin B or treatment with Isavuconazole or posaconazole according to the clinical doctor's decision. It is planed to collect 36 patients receiving treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and 36 patients receiving treatment with Isavuconazole or posaconazole, and observe their efficacy and safety. The research objective of this study is to: 1. Evaluate efficacy: The main objective is to determine the therapeutic effect of L-AmB (liposomal amphotericin B) or Isavuconazole/posaconazole on breakthrough invasive fungal disease, including percentage of patients with favorable overall response, survival rate, median to fever remission time, length of hospital stay, etc.2. Evaluate safety: Study the safety of drugs, including monitoring and recording all adverse events, side effects, and drug-related toxicity. 3. Patient population analysis: Study the differences in response to treatment with liposomal amphotericin B and Isavuconazole/posaconazole among different patient populations (such as different ages, genders, and underlying disease states).

These research objectives will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the roles of L-AmB and Isavuconazole/posaconazole in the treatment of breakthrough fungal infections, and provide scientific evidence for clinical practice.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male or female patients aged ≥ 18 years at the beginning of treatment.
• The patient or their guardian must be able to understand and sign a written informed consent form (which must be obtained before starting any research procedure)
• Blood based diseases, mainly AML( Acute Myeloid Leukemia), ALL(Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia), MDS(Myelodysplastic Syndromes)
• Breakthrough invasive fungal disease occurs after receiving antifungal prophylaxis with triazole drugs for ≥ 7 days
• According to the latest definition of MSGERC, breakthrough IFD is defined as any IFD that occurs during exposure to antifungal drugs, including fungal infections outside the spectrum of antifungal activity
• Proven, probable, and possible IFD in accordance with the< The Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of invasive fungal disease in patients with hematological disorders and cancers (the 6th revision) >

Exclusion Criteria:

• Confirmed patients with allergies/rapid onset severe allergic reactions/intolerance to L-AmB or isavuconazole /posaconazole
• Serum creatinine level ≥ 2 times the upper limit of normal
• The level of transaminase or alkaline phosphatase is ≥ 5 times the normal upper limit, and bilirubin is ≥ 3 times the normal upper limit
• Patients who are breastfeeding
• Pregnant patients
• Expected life expectancy is less than 30 days
• Patients deemed ineligible by the investigator due to medical, ethical, or logistical reasons.

breakthrough invasive fungal disease in patients with malignant hematological diseases after antifungal prophylaxis

No plan to share IPD