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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Shepherd Center, Atlanta GA | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study is to compare two types of wearable lower-extremity exoskeletons -a self-balancing device lower-extremity exoskeleton and a user-balancing device lower-extremity exoskeleton-to better understand their effects on the physiological responses to walking and the user experience in people with spinal cord injury.
Although Lower Limb Exoskeleton technology holds promise for improving mobility and independence in people with Spinal Cord Injury, limited research has examined the physiological and psychological effects of walking with self-balancing lower limb exoskeleton technology compared to systems that require user-operated assistive aids. Moreover, no studies to date have directly compared the short- and long-term outcomes of two lower limb exoskeleton technology types: (1) self-balancing and (2) user-balancing. To address this gap, this study will conduct a head-to-head comparison of self-balancing and user-balancing lower limb exoskeleton technology in individuals with motor-complete (ASIA Impairment Scale Classification [AIS] A/B) Spinal Cord Injury-a population that remains underrepresented in rehabilitation robotics research despite advances in the field.
Study participants will complete 5 walking sessions and 2 test sessions with two different exoskeleton devices in a randomized order. During each test session, data will be collected using motion sensors, portable metabolic monitors, and muscle sensors.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-balancing lower limb exoskeleton | Experimental | Participants will use the self-balancing lower limb exoskeleton for 5 walking sessions and then complete a test session. |
|
| User-balancing lower limb exoskeleton | Experimental | Participants will use the user-balancing lower limb exoskeleton for 5 walking sessions and then complete a test session. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ekso Indego Therapy | Device | User-balancing lower Limb exoskeleton |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 10 meter walk test (10MWT) | This will be measured as the participant walks a distance of 10 meters at their self-selected (or comfortable) walking speed. Three 10-meter walk trials will be completed by each participant at each time point. The average of three 10MWT walking speeds will be analyzed and reported. This measure will be recorded in seconds and converted to meters/s with higher values indicating faster speed and lower values indicating slower speeds. Self-selected walking speed is highly correlated with functional ability and dependence. | 1 year |
| 6 minute walk test (6MWT) | This is a measurement of endurance and functional ability that assesses the participants ability to walk a distance (meters) over a time period of 6 minutes. It is measured in distance with greater distances indicating improved levels of endurance and functional ability. | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neuromuscular activation of specified muscles | Electromyography sensors will measure the magnitude of muscle activation for the torso throughout the gait cycle. The average magnitude will be computed by averaging the time-series data across gait cycles and computing the average magnitude for the average gait cycle. | 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Shepherd Center | Atlanta | Georgia | 30332 | United States |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Jan 27, 2026 | Jun 22, 2026 | ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013119 | Spinal Cord Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013118 | Spinal Cord Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D020196 | Trauma, Nervous System |
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| Wandercraft Atalante X | Device | Self-balancing lower limb exoskeleton |
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| Walking economy |
Walking economy is a measure of the energy cost of walking, quantified as the amount of oxygen consumed per kilogram of body weight per meter walked. It reflects the metabolic efficiency of gait, with lower values indicating more efficient walking. This measure will be obtained using the Cosmed K5 indirect calorimetry system during steady-state walking. |
| 1 year |
| Rating of Perceived Exertion | The Rating of Perceived Exertion is a subjective measure of exertion based on an individual's perception of effort and fatigue during physical activity. The scale ranges from 6 (no exertion) to 20 (maximal exertion). | 1 year |
| Total hemoglobin concentration | Total hemoglobin concentration refers to the amount of hemoglobin present in a given volume of blood. It is an indicator of muscle oxygenation dynamics. This measure will be obtained using continuous wave near-infrared spectroscopy. | 1 year |
| User-experience survey | A custom survey will be administered to assess participant opinion on exoskeleton comfort, ease of use, perceived effort and overall satisfaction. | 1 year |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |