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This study investigated the effect of incubator covers on sleep-wakefulness in premature infants.The study was conducted using a randomised controlled experimental design. The study population consisted of premature in the 30-37 gestational week range who were admitted to the NICU of a hospital located in the Central Anatolia Region. The sample comprised 64 premature infants, who were divided into an incubator cover group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 32). Data were collected using a neonatal follow-up form and actigraphy. The incubator cover group received a 24-hour covers application. The control group received routine nursing care without any additional interventions. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted in both groups, and the 24-hour sleep patterns of the newborns were evaluated using actigraphy.
Objective: This study investigated the effect of incubator covers on sleep-wakefulness in premature infants.
Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a randomised controlled experimental design. The study population consisted of premature in the 30-37 gestational week range who were admitted to the NICU of a hospital located in the Central Anatolia Region. The sample comprised 64 premature infants, who were divided into an incubator cover group (n = 32) and a control group (n = 32). Data were collected using a neonatal follow-up form and actigraphy. The incubator cover group received a 24-hour covers application. The control group received routine nursing care without any additional interventions. Pre-test and post-test assessments were conducted in both groups, and the 24-hour sleep patterns of the newborns were evaluated using actigraphy.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incubator Cover Group | Experimental | Neonatal information form was filled and consent was obtained. Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application. The incubators were covered with incubator covers for 24 hours.24-hour sleep durations were recorded again by actigraphy. |
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| Control Group | Experimental | Neonatal information form was filled and consent was obtained. Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded.No practice other than routine medical treatment follow-up and nursing care was performed.24-hour sleep durations were recorded again by actigraphy. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incubator Cover Group | Other | Incubator Cover Group: Neonatal information form was filled and consent was obtained. Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application.The incubators were covered with incubator covers for 24 hours.24-hour sleep durations were recorded again by actigraphy. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep efficiency (pre-test) | sleep parametres | Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application (pre-test) |
| Sleep duration minutes (pre-test) | sleep parametres | 24-hour sleep durations were recorded again by actigraphy (pre-test) |
| Number of awakenings of the infant during sleep (pre-test) | sleep parametres | Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application (pre-test) |
| Wakefulness time minutes (pre-test) | sleep parametres | Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application (pre-test) |
| Sleep efficiency (post-test) | sleep parametres | Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application (post-test) |
| Sleep duration minutes (post-test) | sleep parametres | Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application (post-test) |
| Number of awakenings of the infant during sleep (post-test) | sleep parametres | Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application (post-test) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ayşe Belpınar, pHD | Bozok University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yozgat Bozok University | Yozgat | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39738921 | Background | Kok EY, Kaur S, Mohd Shukri NH, Abdul Razak N, Takahashi M, Teoh SC, Tay JEF, Shibata S. The role of light exposure in infant circadian rhythm establishment: A scoping review perspective. Eur J Pediatr. 2024 Dec 30;184(1):112. doi: 10.1007/s00431-024-05951-3. | |
| 23800026 | Background | Kuhn P, Zores C, Langlet C, Escande B, Astruc D, Dufour A. Moderate acoustic changes can disrupt the sleep of very preterm infants in their incubators. Acta Paediatr. 2013 Oct;102(10):949-54. doi: 10.1111/apa.12330. Epub 2013 Jul 19. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
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This study was conducted as a randomised controlled experimental study with single-blind methodology.
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| Control Group | Other | Control Group:Neonatal information form was filled and consent was obtained. Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded. No practice other than routine medical treatment follow-up and nursing care was performed.24-hour sleep durations were recorded again by actigraphy. |
|
| Wakefulness time minutes (post-test) |
sleep parametres |
| Actigraphy and 24-hour sleep duration were recorded before incubator cover application (post-test) |
| 38000120 | Background | Lewis P, Wild U, Pillow JJ, Foster RG, Erren TC. A systematic review of chronobiology for neonatal care units: What we know and what we should consider. Sleep Med Rev. 2024 Feb;73:101872. doi: 10.1016/j.smrv.2023.101872. Epub 2023 Nov 8. |
| 40210954 | Background | Neukamm AC, Quante M, Poets CF, Shellhaas RA; "Neonatal Sleep Talks (NEST)" group. The impact of sleep in high-risk infants. Pediatr Res. 2025 Dec;98(6):2073-2081. doi: 10.1038/s41390-025-04049-2. Epub 2025 Apr 10. |
| 28056335 | Background | Orsi KC, Avena MJ, Lurdes de Cacia Pradella-Hallinan M, da Luz Goncalves Pedreira M, Tsunemi MH, Machado Avelar AF, Pinheiro EM. Effects of Handling and Environment on Preterm Newborns Sleeping in Incubators. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 2017 Mar-Apr;46(2):238-247. doi: 10.1016/j.jogn.2016.09.005. Epub 2017 Jan 3. |
| 29412484 | Background | Zores C, Dufour A, Pebayle T, Dahan I, Astruc D, Kuhn P. Observational study found that even small variations in light can wake up very preterm infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Acta Paediatr. 2018 Jul;107(7):1191-1197. doi: 10.1111/apa.14261. Epub 2018 Feb 27. |
| D008722 | Methods |