Urinary incontinence (UI) is defined as the involuntary loss of urine that occurs outside the individual's control and negatively affects both hygiene and social life. Research indicates that individuals with UI experience decreased core muscle strength and endurance, which may also lead to changes in balance parameters. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate core muscle strength, endurance, and balance parameters in women with UI, taking the type of UI into consideration.

This study was conducted between January 2025 and April 2025 at the Urogynecology Clinic of Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital in Istanbul, with patients diagnosed with UI by a specialist physician. A total of 32 participants were included. All participants were administered a demographic assessment form; the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) to assess physical activity level; the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) and all of its subscales to evaluate the severity of symptoms associated with pelvic floor distress; urodynamic measurement; a pad test to assess the severity of UI; a perineometer device to evaluate pelvic floor muscle (PFM) strength; the Sahrmann five-level core stabilization test and the Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Unit to assess core muscle strength; McGill's Trunk Endurance Tests for core endurance; and the Y Balance Test to assess balance.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed with urinary incontinence by a specialist physician
• Native Turkish speaker
• Willing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant
• Given birth within the past year
• Cooperation problems
• Presence of urinary infection
• Diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse (POP) stage higher than 2
• History of pelvic surgery
• Presence of dizziness, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, or ear fullness (uncontrolled vestibulopathies)
• Use of medications that affect balance
• Resistance to digital vaginal palpation or insertion of a perineometer into the vagina
• Orthopedic, cognitive, cardiac, or neurological conditions that may prevent participation in the study

female

All patients who applied to the Urogynecology Clinic at Başakşehir Çam and Sakura City Hospital and were diagnosed with urinary incontinence by a specialist physician constitute the population of the study. The sample of the study consists of 32 women from this population who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study.