Relationship Between Central Sensitization Levels and Treatment Outcomes in Frozen Shoulder Treatment

Relationship Between Central Sensitization Levels and Treatment Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed With Frozen Shoulder and Undergoing Intra-Articular Injection

The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between treatment outcomes and central sensitization levels in patients who received intra-articular injections for frozen shoulder.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Being between 18 and 75 years of age
• More than one-third of the active and passive movement of the painful shoulder is limited in two or more planes
• Having pain and limited movement in the shoulder for 3-12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having bilateral shoulder pain
• Patients with incomplete study data
• Having cervical radiculopathy
• Having a predominant central sensitization syndrome (such as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome)
• Patients taking antidepressants or anticonvulsants that may affect central sensitization
• Having a history of rheumatological disease
• Having a history of active malignancy
• Patients receiving treatment for active psychiatric disorders
• Having a history of trauma and/or surgery in the same shoulder region
• Patients who received local shoulder injections and/or physical therapy within the last 3 months
• Patients with calcific tendonitis, glenohumeral osteoarthritis, or acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis on plain radiographs
• Having a full-thickness rotator cuff tear on shoulder ultrasound