This study aimed to compare platelet count patterns in patients infected with either Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum, the two most common malaria species in Pakistan. Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) is a common complication of malaria and can help in identifying disease severity. We conducted this research at a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, from April to September 2023. A total of 171 adult patients with confirmed malaria infections were enrolled. We measured their platelet counts at admission, day 3, and day 7, and analyzed the severity and progression of thrombocytopenia. The study found that while P. vivax was more common, P. falciparum was more likely to cause severe thrombocytopenia. Understanding these differences helps healthcare providers identify high-risk patients earlier and manage malaria more effectively. The study was approved by the institutional review board of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18 years or older
• Microscopically confirmed infection with Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum
• Provided written informed consen

Exclusion Criteria:

• Mixed-species malaria infection
• Known hematologic disorders
• Chronic liver disease
• Recent blood transfusion
• Use of anticoagulant medication
• Incomplete parasitemia data or lost to follow-up

Adult patients (aged 18 and above) presenting to a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan, with confirmed malaria infection. Participants were included based on microscopic confirmation of either Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium falciparum infection and evaluated for platelet trends and clinical outcomes.