The Relationship Pain Beliefs With Kinesiophobia, Catastrophizing, Pain Knowledge, and Shoulder Functional Disability in Individuals With Shoulder Pain

The Relationship Pain Beliefs With Kinesiophobia, Catastrophizing, Pain Knowledge, and Disability in Individuals With Shoulder Pain

This cross-sectional observational study aims to examine the relationship between psychological and organic pain beliefs and kinesiophobia, pain catastrophizing, pain knowledge, and shoulder functional disability (SPADI) in individuals with shoulder pain. The study seeks to clarify how pain-related beliefs influence physical and psychological outcomes in musculoskeletal shoulder pain.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals aged between 18 and 75 years
• Presence of shoulder pain for at least 3 months
• At least one positive finding in each of the following categories:
• Painful arc during flexion or abduction
• Positive Neer's or Kennedy-Hawkins tests
• Pain during resisted external rotation, abduction, or empty can test

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of shoulder dislocation or fracture in the past 12 months
• Presence of full-thickness rotator cuff tear
• Previous shoulder surgery
• Received physiotherapy or corticosteroid injection for the shoulder in the past 3 months
• Presence of adhesive capsulitis (passive shoulder range of motion < 50%)
• Presence of systemic diseases such as cancer or rheumatic disorders