Salivary Stress Markers Associated With Malocclusion Severity

Determination of the Relationship Between Orthodontic Malocclusion Severity and Salivary Cortisol, Dehydroepiandrosterone and Chromogranin A Levels

The aim of this observational study is to evaluate the relationship between the severity of orthodontic malocclusion and psychophysiological stress levels in individuals aged 12 to 18 years. The study will investigate the association between malocclusion severity and both stress-related salivary biomarkers and psychosocial factors.

The primary research question is as follows:

As the severity of orthodontic malocclusion increases, do levels of salivary stress biomarkers (cortisol, DHEA, and chromogranin A), self-esteem, and social appearance anxiety significantly change in adolescent individuals?

Method:

The study will include participants between the ages of 12 and 18. The severity of malocclusion will be assessed through clinical examination. Psychological assessments will be conducted using structured questionnaires to measure self-esteem and social appearance anxiety. In addition, saliva samples collected in the morning will be analyzed using the ELISA method to determine levels of cortisol, DHEA, and chromogranin A (CgA). The data will be statistically analyzed to identify the potential relationship between orthodontic malocclusion and biological and psychosocial indicators of stress.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients between the ages of 12 and 18,
• Patients with all permanent teeth,
• Patients with the ability to read and understand,
• Patients with a cephalometric evaluation file and maxillary and mandibular impression dental models before diagnostic orthodontic treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of any congenital craniofacial deformity (cleft lip and palate or any other craniofacial syndrome or deformity),
• Patients who have previously initiated or completed orthodontic treatment,
• Patients with a history of psychiatric illness, the presence of caries, facial asymmetry, and any skin deformity affecting facial aesthetics.