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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2023-00581_3 | Other Grant/Funding Number | Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare | |
| OLL-1022722 | Other Grant/Funding Number | The Foundation for Medical Research at Örebro University Hospital - Nyckelfonden |
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Söderqvist et al. recently reported on a new school-based program designed to promote mental well-being in adolescents: the Solution-Focused Intervention for Mental Health (SIM, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100493). While previous studies on SIM were designed mainly to test, develop, refine and improve the program and its feasibility in a school setting, the current project aims to test the efficacy of SIM on adolescent mental health, primarily mental well-being.
A two-arm, cluster, randomized, controlled trial will be conducted. The intervention group will receive the SIM program, and the control group will receive a lecture on mental well-being along with the usual school provisions. Randomization is done by class because the intervention takes place in mentor groups. Based on the results of our largest feasibility study, 559 students are required for paired measurements to detect a small effect on mental well-being with 80% power and a significance level of 0.05. The evaluation is based on validated instruments, with measurements taken before and after the intervention, as well as six and nine months later. The project is being implemented in collaboration with six upper secondary schools in Sweden. Recruitment and anchoring at the participating schools, as well as class randomization strafied on educational program, took place in 2025. Enrollment of participating students will begin in January 2026.
This project will contribute new knowledge to the field by evaluating a universal program for schools to use in their health promotion work. The latter is important since high levels of mental well-being independently predict a lower incidence of subsequent mental illness and have a range of positive effects on individuals and society.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Students participating in the school-based SIM program designed to promote mental well-being. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | Students receiving a lecture on mental well-being along with usual student health provision. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Solution-focused Intervention for Mental health (SIM) | Behavioral | SIM is a manual-based program delivered to upper secondary school students in mentor groups by a specially trained teacher. It consists of group-based, solution-focused coaching set within a normative frame of mental well-being. By co-creating perceptions and meaning through language and dialogue, focusing on resources for approaching a preferred future, students increase their solution-building capability, thereby acquiring skills to become agents in their own life, more aware of and prone to invest in mental health. For a detailed description, see Söderqvist et al. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2025.100493. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mental well-being | The mean difference in mental well-being between the intervention and control arms as measured by the Mental Health Continuum - Short Form. For more on the measurement instrument, see Söderqvist and Larm, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01626-6. | This study will examine participants from enrollment to the end of the 10-week intervention, as well as at six- and nine-month follow-ups. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mental problems | The difference in mental problems between the intervention and control arms as measured by the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale 25. For more on the measurement instrument, see Carlander et al. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.2007. | This study will examine participants from enrollment to the end of the 10-week intervention, as well as at six- and nine-month follow-ups. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Solution-building Capability | The difference in solution-building capability between the intervention and control arms as measured by a modified 15-item version of the Solution Building Inventory originally developed by Grant et al (2012). | This study will examine participants from enrollment to the end of the 10-week intervention, as well as at six- and nine-month follow-ups. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fredrik Söderqvist, Associate Professor | Contact | 0046-79-0984679 | fredrik.soderqvist@regionorebrolan.se |
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Data can be made available by the authors upon reasonable request, for researchers who meet the criteria for access to confidential data. At this point, a decision to publicly share data cannot be made because of ethical and legal restrictions concerning the student's consent and data ownership. The data will be owned by a third party, which have imposed restrictions.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008603 | Mental Health |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006262 | Health |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
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A two-arm, cluster, randomized controlled trial is conducted with an intervention group receiving SIM and a control group receiving a lecture on mental well-being along with usual school provision. Randomization is done by class as the intervention takes place in mentor groups. Based on the results of the largest of our feasibility studies, paired measurements on 559 students are required to detect a small effect in mental well-being with 80% power (d=0.196) and a significance level of 0.05. The evaluation is based on validated instruments and measurements before and after the intervention and after 6 and 9 months. To answer the primary research question, we will analyze the mean difference in mental well-being between the intervention and control groups using a linear mixed effects regression model with a random effect for school class. Variables identified as important predictors of the outcome will be included in the regression model in order to reduce outcome variance.
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Masking of conditions for the students will be used up until consent and baseline measures have been completed. After that, masking in this evaluation is not practically possible.
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| Perceived stress | The difference in perceived stress between the intervention and control arms as measured by a 14-item scale comprising stressors associated with different areas of adolescent life. | This study will examine participants from enrollment to the end of the 10-week intervention, as well as at six- and nine-month follow-ups. |