This study evaluates the effect of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol on early postoperative recovery in women undergoing elective cesarean section.

Eighty-four pregnant women, aged 18 years or older, at 37 weeks of gestation or beyond, without chronic medical conditions, and classified as ASA I-II, were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either:

ERAS group - received the ERAS protocol, including early oral intake, early mobilization, multimodal analgesia, and enhanced perioperative care

Control group - received standard perioperative cesarean section care

The study compared breastfeeding initiation time, gas passage, oral intake, mobilization time, and postoperative pain scores (VAS) between the two groups.

The aim is to determine whether ERAS can accelerate recovery, reduce pain, and improve maternal comfort after elective cesarean delivery.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols aim to accelerate postoperative recovery, reduce complications, and shorten hospital stays. While ERAS has been widely implemented in general and gynecologic surgeries, its application in obstetric surgery, particularly elective cesarean delivery, remains limited.

This single-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted at the University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Gaziosmanpasa Training and Research Hospital, between October 2022 and December 2022. Eighty-four women scheduled for elective cesarean section were enrolled. Eligible participants were 18 years or older, at ≥37 weeks of gestation, ASA I-II, without chronic comorbidities, and provided written informed consent.

Participants were randomized (1:1) into two groups:

ERAS group: Managed with ERAS protocol including early oral intake, early mobilization, multimodal analgesia with opioid-sparing strategies, prophylactic antiemetics, early urinary catheter removal, and gum chewing to stimulate bowel function.

Control group: Managed with standard perioperative cesarean care including delayed oral intake, standard pain management, and later mobilization.

Primary outcomes included breastfeeding initiation time, gas passage, time to oral intake, mobilization time, and postoperative pain scores (VAS at 24 and 48 hours). Secondary outcomes included nausea-vomiting incidence and overall postoperative recovery profile.

The study aims to determine whether ERAS protocols improve postoperative recovery and patient comfort after elective cesarean section and to support the implementation of ERAS as a standard in obstetric surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

Pregnant women aged 18 years or older

Gestational age ≥37 weeks

Classified as ASA I or ASA II

Scheduled for elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia

Able and willing to provide informed consent

No chronic systemic diseases

Exclusion Criteria:

Age <18 years

Gestational age <37 weeks

Emergency cesarean delivery

ASA III or higher

Presence of obstetric complications (e.g., preeclampsia, placenta previa, placental abruption, fetal distress)

Chronic comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, cardiac or pulmonary disease)

Declines spinal anesthesia or unable to provide consent

Only biologically female participants who are pregnant and scheduled for elective cesarean section are eligible for the study. Self-identified gender does not alter eligibility; participants must be biologically female.

Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared because the study is single-center, involves a small sample size of 84 participants, and contains sensitive obstetric patient information. Only de-identified summary data will be reported in publications.