Participants performed static balance exercises three times per week for six weeks, progressing in difficulty over time. In weeks 1-2, exercises were performed with support and included tandem standing, standing on a balance cushion, lunges with hand support, and one-leg stands. In weeks 3-4, the same exercises were done without support, and in weeks 5-6, they were performed with eyes closed to increase sensory challenge. Exercise duration progressed from 3 sets of 60 seconds to 5 sets of 90 seconds, and finally 7 sets of 120 seconds per movement.

This group engaged in dynamic balance exercises, also three times weekly for six weeks, with progressive complexity. Initial sessions (weeks 1-2) included walking with obstacles,tandem walking with support, small-step lunges, and supported step-ups.Weeks 3-4 incorporated cognitive elements and increased difficulty,while weeks 5-6 introduced sensory challenges like walking with eyes closed. Repetitions increased from 3sets of 60 seconds to 7 sets of 120 seconds, aligning with the progression in task complexity.

Static exercises generally involve maintaining a fixed position without movement-such as standing on one leg or holding a specific posture-emphasizing isometric muscle control and stability.

Y Balance Test larger reach distances and higher symmetry between limbs reflect greater dynamic balance and functional capacity

Activity-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale higher scores suggest an enhancement in patient confidence regarding balance in a range of daily activities