Background: Immediate implants provide ideal three-dimensional positioning compared to conventional implants. There may be a gap between the surface of the implant and the bone walls of the socket when it is inserted into a recently extracted alveolus. To compensate for this, various grafting materials are used. Recently, melatonin has gained significant attention because of its inhibitory action on bone resorption through upregulating the expression of osteoprotegerin, which acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL and inhibits its binding to osteoclast precursors thereby inhibiting osteoclast formation and activity. So, we will conduct this study to evaluate the effects of local melatonin application around immediately placed implants.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the effectiveness of adding local melatonin around immediately placed implants in maxillary premolars.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with non-restorable maxillary premolars with sufficient bone quantity to receive the dental implant without the need for bone graft.
• Patients with no local or systemic pathology that can interfere with normal wound healing.
• Non-smokers.
• Patients who are properly motivated to complete follow-up visits

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with uncontrolled medical conditions that can affect surgical outcome or bone and wound healing. (ex: uncontrolled diabetes mellitus)
• Patients with periapical pathology that may contraindicate immediate implant placement.
• History of receiving irradiation in the head and neck region