Highly trained licensed boxers from a national team in North Cyprus

No intervention will be performed in this study.

The athlete will be positioned on a flat surface. The tester will stabilise the feet while the hip and knee joints are placed at 90 degrees of flexion. The upper extremities will be crossed over the shoulders, bringing the trunk into approximately 60-degree flexion.

Subjects will lie prone with the lower body fixed to the test bed at the ankles, knees, and hips, and the upper body extended in a cantilevered fashion over the edge of the test bed. At the beginning of the exertion, the upper limbs will be held across the chest with the hands resting on the opposite shoulders, and the upper body will be lifted until the thoracic region is horizontal to the floor.

Subjects will lie on an exercise mat on their sides with legs extended. The top foot will be placed in front of the lower foot on the mat for support. Subjects will be instructed to support themselves by lifting their hips off the mat to maintain a straight line over their whole body length, and support themselves on one elbow and their feet. The uninvolved arm will be held across the chest with the hand placed on the opposite shoulder.

The rear direct punch type will be selected for the test. Punch speed and power will be tested using the Corner Accelerometer (Corner Wearables Ltd / UK), which has been found suitable for tracking punches. The devices will be fixed to both wrists of the boxers with Velcro and paired with the Corner mobile app via Bluetooth. Subjects will perform three rounds of shadow boxing using standard boxing gloves, with five minutes of rest between rounds for warm-up and device checking. Finally, the athletes will be asked to throw a total of five rear direct punches to the boxing bag using their dominant side, and the device will record the parameters of each punch separately and simultaneously, including speed in meters per second (m/sec) and power in gravitational force units (G-force). Of the five punches thrown, the fastest and most powerful will be selected for analysis.