Standardized energy-restricted balanced dietary intervention was provided. The intake for men was 1350kcal/d, and for women it was 1100kcal/d. The proportions of the three major nutrients were 50-65% carbohydrates, 20-30% fats, and 15-20% proteins.

Based on subjects baseline diet quality assessment (by FFQ questionnaires and 3 diet records) and baseline clinical data (blood glucose, blood lipid, CRP, etc.), formulate diet plan, targeted adjust the types and proportions of food, mainly includes the following three types: Scheme 1: A low fat diet intake of 1350 kcal/d pattern men, women of 1100 kcal/d, compared with three major nutrients carbohydrate 62%, fat 20%, protein 18%. Scheme 2: low carbohydrate diet intake of 1350 kcal/d pattern men, women of 1100 kcal/d, three major nutrients ratio of carbohydrate, 37% fat, 45% protein, 18%. Solution 3: limited energy balanced diet provide a standardized and balanced energy-restricted diet (1,350 kcal/d for men and 1,100 kcal/d for women), with the proportion of the three major nutrients being 54% carbohydrates, 28% fats, and 18% proteins. Staple meal replacement: Replace two meals a day with full-nutrition meal replacement , wwith a calorie content of 30 to 40%.

Integrate deep phenotypes (diet quality, physical fitness test results, clinical indicators), superimpose obesity nutrition gene data, including the test results of 33 obesity-related genes (such as FTO, MC4R) and nutrient metabolism genes (such as APOA2, PPARG), and customize the macronutrient ratio (such as adopting a low-carbohydrate diet for those with high carbohydrate sensitivity). Dietary patterns mainly include low-fat dietary patterns, low-carb and low-fat dietary patterns, and balanced energy-restricted dietary patterns. Staple meal replacement: The same meal replacement plan as the deep phenotype group.

Based on clinical phenotype + energy-restricted diet group：Based on the baseline dietary quality assessment of the subjects and baseline clinical data , a dietary plan was formulated, and the types and proportions of food were adjusted specifically .

Intervention group based on genetic susceptibility：Integrate deep phenotypes (diet quality, physical fitness test results, clinical indicators), superimpose obesity nutrition gene data and nutrient metabolism genes, and customize the macronutrient ratio.

Based on genetic susceptibility + intestinal flora intervention group: Integrating deep phenotypes (diet quality, physical fitness test results, clinical indicators), superimposing obesity nutrition gene + intestinal flora genomic data, including 33 obesity nutrition-related genes and 170 intestinal obesity nutrient metabolic bacterial genera/species test results, to customize the proportion of macronutrients.

Individuals whose weight changes during the weight loss period exceed 5% of their own body weight; dropout rates during weight loss and maintenance periods