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This study investigates whether rinsing the mouth with a carbohydrate solution can improve brain oxygenation and cognitive function during high-intensity exercise. Eleven trained cyclists participated in multiple exercise sessions under different mouth rinse conditions. Brain oxygenation, perceived exertion, and cognitive performance were measured. The goal is to understand if this simple technique can support both physical and mental performance during demanding exercise.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse | Experimental |
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| Placebo Mouth Rinse | Placebo Comparator |
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| Music Listening | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse | Behavioral | A 6.4% maltodextrin solution (64 g/L) was prepared using Nutricost Maltodextrin Powder. Participants performed five mouth rinses per trial, each using 25 mL of the solution for 10 seconds before expectorating. Each rinse was followed by a 30-second rest. Participants were instructed not to swallow the solution. Rinsing procedure was standardized across all sessions. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in prefrontal cortex oxygenation (ΔO2Hb) | Immediately post-intervention and post-time trial (within same day) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Seung-Bo Park | CHA University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHA University, Human Performance Lab | Seongnam-si | Gyeonggi-do | 13488 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 42118778 | Derived | Park SB, Oh K, Yang G, Kim T, Lee JW, Jeon HJ, Han DH. Oral carbohydrate sensing enhances prefrontal cortex oxygenation, reduces perceived exertion, and improves high-intensity cycling performance: A randomized crossover trial. PLoS One. 2026 May 12;21(5):e0349067. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0349067. eCollection 2026. |
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| Placebo Mouth Rinse | Behavioral | A placebo solution containing 0.05 g/L of non-caloric sucralose in distilled water was used to match sweetness and viscosity of the CHO-MR. Participants performed five rinses of 25 mL for 10 seconds each, spitting out the solution after each rinse. 30-second rest intervals followed each rinse. Swallowing was not allowed. Rinse frequency, volume, and duration were standardized. |
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| Music Listening | Behavioral | Participants listened to high-tempo music (120 bpm) for 15 minutes before exercise using standardized earbuds. Music was selected from a public YouTube playlist titled "120 BPM Best Dance Music for Running and Working Out." Volume was calibrated at 65 dB (50% of max device volume). Auditory conditions were standardized across all participants. |
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