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The research is a single-center, single-blind (participant), pretest-posttest control group randomized controlled study conducted to determine the effect of meeting with a "standard and real patient" on students' self-confidence and self-efficacy levels in the teaching of the nursing process.
The study, designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial, was conducted with 83 students at Akdeniz University Faculty of Nursing: 27 "online standardized patient," 30 "clinical real patient," and 26 "control group." The Nursing Process topic within the Fundamentals of Nursing course was taught as usual, with 4 hours of theoretical and 8 hours of laboratory practice. One month before the beginning of clinical practice training, students in the "online standardized patient" and "clinical real patient" groups practiced history taking skills with a standardized patient and a pre-selected real patient for 40 minutes. Students in both groups and the control group then practiced interviewing skills at the beginning of the clinical practice training. The effectiveness of the training was measured using the Self-Confidence Scale, the Self-Assessment Form for Learning Experience, and the Interviewing Skills Evaluation Form.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Online Standart Patient | Experimental |
| |
| Clinical Real Patient | Experimental |
| |
| Control Group | Active Comparator |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Behavioral | On the first clinical day, students had a 30-45 minute meeting with the patient they were responsible for, which included the instructor. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Self-efficacy | General Self-Efficacy Scale: The scale consists of 17 items and three subscales: "initiation," "perseverance," and "effort-persistence." The measurement tool includes 11 reverse-scored items (2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, and 17). The total score on the Likert-type scale ranges from 17 to 85. A higher total score indicates a higher self-efficacy belief. | It was applied at the first interview with the patient after randomization and immediately after the last interview. (The period between the first interview before going to the clinic and the last interview after clinical application is 3 months). |
| Self confidence | The Self-Confidence Scale was used to determine students' self-confidence levels. The total score obtained from the 33-item, 5-point Likert-type scale ranges from 33 to 165. The individual's self-confidence level is calculated by dividing the total score by the number of items (33). A score below 2.5 indicates low self-confidence, a score between 2.5 and 3.5 indicates moderate self-confidence, and a score above 3.5 indicates high self-confidence. | It was applied at the first interview with the patient after randomization and immediately after the last interview. (The period between the first interview before going to the clinic and the last interview after clinical application is 3 months). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nursing Faculty | Antalya | 07070 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24716336 | Background | Wilson RD, Klein JD, Hagler D. Computer-based or human patient simulation-based case analysis: which works better for teaching diagnostic reasoning skills? Nurs Educ Perspect. 2014 Jan-Feb;35(1):14-8. doi: 10.5480/11-515.1. | |
| 31871700 | Background | Olaussen C, Heggdal K, Tvedt CR. Elements in scenario-based simulation associated with nursing students' self-confidence and satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Nurs Open. 2019 Sep 27;7(1):170-179. doi: 10.1002/nop2.375. eCollection 2020 Jan. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Akın, A. (2016). Development and Psychometric Properties of Self-Confidence Scale. Abant İzzet Baysal University Journal of Education, 7(2). | View source |
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Since the study has not yet been published in the literature, we do not prefer to share it.
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The study designed as a single-blind randomized controlled trial.
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| Online Interview Group | Behavioral | Before the Interview
Interview • Students conducted a 30-45 minute interview with a pre-determined standard patient. After the Interview
|
|
| Clinical Real Patient Group | Behavioral | Before the Interview
Interview • Students conducted a 30-45 minute interview with a real patient in the pre-determined clinic. After the Interview
|
|
| 30852844 | Background | Labrague LJ, McEnroe-Petitte DM, Bowling AM, Nwafor CE, Tsaras K. High-fidelity simulation and nursing students' anxiety and self-confidence: A systematic review. Nurs Forum. 2019 Jul;54(3):358-368. doi: 10.1111/nuf.12337. Epub 2019 Mar 10. |
| 37639878 | Background | Ozdemir NG, Kaya H. The effectiveness of high-fidelity simulation methods to gain Foley catheterization knowledge, skills, satisfaction and self-confidence among novice nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Today. 2023 Nov;130:105952. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105952. Epub 2023 Aug 23. |
| 26102639 | Background | Sarmasoglu S, Dinc L, Elcin M. Using Standardized Patients in Nursing Education: Effects on Students' Psychomotor Skill Development. Nurse Educ. 2016 Mar-Apr;41(2):E1-5. doi: 10.1097/NNE.0000000000000188. |
| 35593697 | Background | Ordu Y, Caliskan N. The impact of a web-based mind map learning technique on students' nursing knowledge of the nursing process. Int J Nurs Knowl. 2023 Apr;34(2):108-115. doi: 10.1111/2047-3095.12374. Epub 2022 May 20. |
| 33415284 | Background | Johnson KV, Scott AL, Franks L. Impact of Standardized Patients on First Semester Nursing Students Self-Confidence, Satisfaction, and Communication in a Simulated Clinical Case. SAGE Open Nurs. 2020 Jun 10;6:2377960820930153. doi: 10.1177/2377960820930153. eCollection 2020 Jan-Dec. |
| Yıldırım, F., \& İlhan, İ. Ö. (2010). Validity and reliability study of the Turkish form of the general self-efficacy scale. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry, 21(4), 301-308. | View source |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |
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