This study is a retrospective, single-center, pre-post controlled clinical study. Patients (n=48) who underwent the MIPPED-C surgical procedure after January 1, 2019 were designated as the treatment group. Patients who were admitted to the hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018 and underwent traditional open surgery were retrospectively evaluated by surgeons, radiologists, and interventionalists, and then matched for propensity score with a 1:2 ratio. 96 patients who underwent traditional open surgery were selected as the control group. The treatment group underwent the MIPPED-C surgery, while the control group underwent the traditional open necrotic tissue debridement procedure. The differences in inflammatory indicators, SIRS response, immune indicators, organ function indicators, and imaging changes of the two groups of patients at the time of admission, before the operation, and after the operation were retrospectively collected. The survival status, postoperative complications, re-intervention status, hospital stay, ICU stay, and hospitalization costs of the two groups of patients after the operation were also collected.

Inclusion Criteria:(1) age ≥18 years; (2) a confirmed diagnosis of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) based on imaging (e.g., presence of gas within necrosis) and clinical indicators (e.g., fever, leukocytosis, or positive cultures); (3) underwent either the MIPPED-C procedure or OSN as the definitive surgical intervention; and (4) had a minimum follow-up period of 90 days postoperatively.

Exclusion Criteria:(1) non-infected pancreatic necrosis; (2) receipt of interventions other than MIPPED-C or OSN (e.g., endoscopic or purely percutaneous approaches); (3) prior history of IPN surgery or other major abdominal surgery that could confound surgical outcomes; or (4) incomplete follow-up data or loss to follow-up within 90 days after surgery.

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Patients who underwent traditional pancreatic debridement surgery and MIPPED-C IPN at Ruijin Hospital, affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2023