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Nonhuman primates (NHPs) constitute an important reservoir of infectious agents, some of which have emerged in human populations as deadly pathogens. Human exposure to the biological fluids of NHPs - particularly through bites - can result in the transmission of several viruses. Only the rabies virus is currently targeted by post-exposure prophylaxis following an injury caused by an NHP.
The objective of the study is to investigate the prevalence of STLV-1 and SFV infections following a nonhuman primate bite.
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) constitute an important reservoir of infectious agents, some of which have emerged in human populations as deadly pathogens. Human exposure to the biological fluids of NHPs - particularly through bites - can result in the transmission of several viruses. Only the rabies virus is currently targeted by post-exposure prophylaxis following an injury caused by an NHP.
Compared to other individuals exposed to nonhuman primates (NHPs), travelers have two unique characteristics. First, they are typically exposed only once to simian infectious agents, in contrast to the repeated exposure experienced by other at-risk groups. If exposure results in an infection event, travelers may spread these infectious agents to geographic areas where they do not normally circulate.
To address the following main objective: to study the prevalence of STLV-1 and SFV infections following a nonhuman primate bite. The study plans to include subjects who have been recently bitten as well as those with a history of nonhuman primate bites. Blood and saliva samples will be collected from the subjects.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adults recently bitten by a non-human primate | Other | Adults recently bitten by a non-human primate and consulting at the Institut Pasteur medical center for prophylaxis as part of their care. |
|
| Adults with a history of bites | Other | Adults with a history of bites from a non-human primate who are consulting at the Institut Pasteur medical center as part of their routine care. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blood samples collection | Procedure | Blood samples of 40 ml will be taken. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Study the prevalence of STLV-1 and SFV infections following an NHP bite. | Detection of specific antibodies and viral DNA against both viruses in blood. | 17 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Identify risk and demographic factors associated with STLV-1 and SFV infection. | The study of associations between STLV-1 and SFV infection and demographic characteristics (age, sex) and those linked to the HNP bite (severity of injury, HNP species) will be analyzed by Fisher's exact test and the Mann-Withney test. | 17 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Determine the kinetics of appearance of viral markers (viral DNA and antibodies) for each virus | Measurement of viral markers (SFV RNA and DNA, STLV-1 DNA, virus-specific IgM and IgG) in blood and saliva. | 17 months |
| Characterize detected STLV-1 and SFV viral strains |
Inclusion Criteria:
Specific criteria for genetic analyses:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florence BUSEYNE, PhD | Contact | 0145688899 | +33 | florence.buseyne@pasteur.fr |
| Patrick HOCHEDEZ, Dr | Contact | 0140669604 | +33 | patrick.hochedez@pasteur.fr |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Patrick HOCHEDEZ, Dr | Institut Pasteur Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institut Pasteur Medical Center | Recruiting | Paris | 75015 | France |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D001733 | Bites and Stings |
| D007239 | Infections |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011041 | Poisoning |
| D064419 | Chemically-Induced Disorders |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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| Saliva samples collection | Procedure | Saliva samples will be collected |
|
Determination of complete viral sequences and integration sites in the human genome. |
| 17 months |