This study seeks to understand individual differences in personality, brain function, and behavior.

Study hypothesis:

- A stronger sign-tracking bias will be associated with a bottom-up processing style characterized by less adaptive attentional- and impulse-control as well as hyperactive reward processing, whereas a stronger goal-tracking bias will be associated with a top-down processing style characterized by strong attentional- and impulse-control as well as normative reward processing.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-22 years old at baseline
• Right-handed
• Medically/physically able to give informed consent
• English-speaking
• Substance use is free to vary, but for participants with a history of substance use, ≥ 1 use of cannabis (including less than a full dose)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Acute or chronic medical or neurological illness (e.g., diabetes, epilepsy, migraine)
• History of psychosis in self or first-degree relative
• Current treatment for substance use disorder
• Current or past 6-month treatment with centrally acting medications (not including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication)
• Intelligence quotient (IQ) < 70
• Lifetime history of head trauma with loss of consciousness > 5 minutes
• Reliance on glasses to be able to read small text at a distance of approximately 30 inches
• Colorblindness
• MRI contraindication (e.g., pregnancy, metal implants, claustrophobia) per protocol

The scientific data collected will be preserved to enable sharing via Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research (ICPSR)/National Addiction & HIV Data Archive Program (NAHDAP). The demographic, clinical, and psychometric raw and composite data will both be preserved and shared, and respondent identifiers will be removed and maintained in a secure file for future contact purposes.

Where applicable, sensitive data will be managed using ICPSR/NAHDAP's restricted data dissemination practices to ensure the data are kept confidential.

The investigator/project team will contact ICPSR/NAHDAP 3-4 months before the required release date to determine if there would be lag time between data submission and ICPSR/NAHDAP's release of the data. ICPSR/NAHDAP permanently archives deposited files, supporting the data through changing technologies, new media, and data formats.

The only requirements to access downloadable, de-identified data through ICPSR/NAHDAP are user registration and agreement to ICPSR/NAHDAP's Terms of Use, which require users to agree to not re-disseminate data, to use appropriate data citation, and to maintain human subjects protections. In the case of restricted-use, sensitive data, ICPSR/NAHDAP requires an application to access the data. As part of the application process, the data user's institution must enter into a Restricted Data Use Agreement with ICPSR/NAHDAP among other application components and data security requirements. Restricted data users are approved to access the data for a limited time period and in a controlled environment through the Virtual Data Enclave or a local computing environment that they secure themselves.