Patients undergoing a standard of care (SOC) image-guided intervention of the head or body

A single research PCD-CBCT scan will be performed directly after the participant's SOC scan.

MDCT, PCD-CBCT, and FPD-CBCT images will be co-registered and displayed on a clinical monitor using a customized software that allows the users to toggle between energy bin images. At least 4 readers with a broad spectrum of clinical experiences (radiology residents, interventional radiology and neurosurgery fellows, and experienced physician co-investigators) will independently identify calcifications and extravasated iodine contrast (if available) and provide a 1 (low) to 5 (high) confidence score on each image.

MDCT, PCD-CBCT, and FPD-CBCT images will be co-registered and displayed on a clinical monitor using a customized software that allows the users to toggle between energy bin images. At least 4 readers with a broad spectrum of clinical experiences (radiology residents, interventional radiology and neurosurgery fellows, and experienced physician co-investigators) will independently identify metal artifacts (if any) and provide a 1 (low) to 5 (high) confidence score on each image.

For all reading studies, the order of subjects and imaging modality (MDCT, FPD-CBCT, and PCD-CBCT) will be randomized; three separate reading sessions will be implemented with a washout period of at least 3 months between sessions.

For calcification and iodine staining detection in the human subjects, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves will be calculated using the maximum-likelihood method with the binormal model. The 95% confidence interval (CI) of each ROC curve will be estimated and the area under the curve (AUC) and its 95% CI will be calculated.