Artificial Intelligence-based Tumor Microenvironment Analysis for Prognosis Prediction in Gallbladder Cancer

Artificial Intelligence-based Tumor Microenvironment Analysis for Prognosis Prediction in Gallbladder Cancer

This retrospective study aims to investigate the prognostic significance of artificial intelligence (AI)-powered analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the tumor microenvironment (TME) in patients with resected gallbladder cancer. Using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained slides, the study quantifies spatial TME features, including TIL density, tertiary lymphoid structures, and fibroblast density, to identify potential TME-related risk factors associated with survival.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who underwent curative surgery for gallbladder cancer.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who did not achieve R0 resection.
• Patients with metastatic disease.