Preoperative anxiety, pain, and repeated exposure to general anesthesia may increase the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children. This study aims to establish a clinical database by collecting the incidence and risk factors of PTSD in children aged 6 to 12 undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia, with a primary focus on evaluating the overall postoperative PTSD incidence, its incidence at different time points, and identifying potential risk factors.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children aged 6-12 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia.
• Parent or legal guardian provides informed consent and agrees to complete a 1-year follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of psychiatric disorders (e.g., PTSD, anxiety disorders), substance abuse, long-term use of steroids or hormonal medications.
• Significant cognitive impairment that hinders understanding of study procedures.
• Emergency surgery or trauma-related procedures requiring urgent general anesthesia.
• Recent (within two weeks) upper respiratory tract infection or severe pulmonary disease.

The study will enroll children aged 6 to 12 years scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. Exclusion criteria include: a history of psychiatric disorders or significant cognitive impairment, recent upper respiratory tract infection or severe pulmonary disease (within the past two weeks), undergoing emergency surgery or trauma-related surgery under general anesthesia, or preoperative chronic pain.