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Our goal is to determine whether hydration status influences inflammation, and overall physiological performance in adults aged 45-65.
Aim 1: The effects of 4-day mild dehydration followed by 4-day rehydration (defined as approximately 2-3% body mass loss) on H2O2, upstream inflammatory signal (NFkB), mitochondrial fragmentation, and autophagy in circulating PBMCs.
Aim 2: The effects of 4-day mild dehydration followed by 4-day rehydration (defined as approximately 2-3% body mass loss) on fasting glucose, sleep performance, and strength performance.
Participant will:
complete a 4-day hydration protocol, followed by a 4-day dehydration protocol, and then a 4-day rehydration protocol.
attend five laboratory visits for testing: Day 1: Informed consent and familiarization Day 2: Pre-hydration testing (before the 4-day hydration protocol) Day 3: Pre-dehydration testing (before the dehyration protocol) Day 4: Post-dehydration testing (after the dehydration protocol) Day 5: Post-rehydration testing (after the rehydration protocol)
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hydration-Dehydration-Rehydration (HDR) Protocol Arm | Experimental | Participants in this arm complete the HDR Protocol over 12 days and attend five lab visits. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydration-Dehydration-Rehydration Protocol (HDR) | Behavioral | The HDR Protocol is a 12-day, sequential fluid manipulation intervention designed to assess the physiological effects of controlled changes in hydration status. The protocol consists of three consecutive 4-day phases: Hydration Phase (Days 1-4): Participants follow a standardized fluid intake protocol designed to promote and maintain a euhydrated state. Hydration status is monitored using objective measures such as urine specific gravity and body mass. Dehydration Phase (Days 5-8): Participants adhere to a fluid-restriction regimen to induce a hypohydrated state. The level of dehydration is verified through the same hydration status measures to ensure consistent and safe hypohydration. Rehydration Phase (Days 9-12): Participants resume the standardized fluid intake protocol used during the Hydration Phase to restore euhydration. Rehydration effectiveness is confirmed through repeated hydration assessments. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | Fasting blood glucose will be measured via fingerstick at each testing visit. Values will be used to examine changes in glucose regulation in response to hydration status across the HDR Protocol phases. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Total body water (L) | Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) will be used to assess changes in total body water, BIS measurements will be collected at each testing visit to evaluate fluid shifts. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Intracellular water (L) | Description: Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) will be used to assess changes in intracellular water across hydration phases. BIS measurements will be collected at each testing visit to evaluate fluid shifts. | Time Frame: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Extracellular water (L) | Description: Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) will be used to assess changes in extracellular water across hydration phases. BIS measurements will be collected at each testing visit to evaluate fluid shifts. | Time Frame: Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Hand grip strength (kg) | Handgrip strength will be measured using a handheld dynamometer at four time points during the HDR Protocol. Measurements will be used to assess the impact of hydration status on upper body muscular strength. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in hydration status via urine specific gravity (USG) | Hydration status will be assessed using urine specific gravity (USG) at four time points across the HDR Protocol: prior to the hydration phase, following the hydration phase, after the dehydration phase, and after the rehydration phase. These values will be used to confirm the effectiveness of each fluid manipulation phase. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hui Ying Luk, Ph.D. | Contact | 806-834-0827 | huiying.luk@ttu.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Texas Tech University | Recruiting | Lubbock | Texas | 79409 | United States |
All raw data generated from this project will be stored on cloud-based servers at Texas Tech University. Cleaned data in an analysis-ready format will be stored in REDCap and periodically uploaded to repositories. Data of sufficient quality from human participants will be uploaded the Aging Research Biobank to allow others to validate replicate research findings.
In alignment with the Data Submission Worksheet for the Aging Research Biobank, the following will be submitted to accompany deidentified data derived from human participants:
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| Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Isometric leg pull strength (kg) | Isometric lower body strength will be evaluated using a standardized leg pull test at four timepoints during the HDR Protocol. Results will be used to determine the effect of hydration status on lower body muscular strength. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Total sleep time (hrs) | Total sleep time will be continuously monitored throughout the HDR Protocol using a wearable device. | through study completion, 18 days |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | Sleep efficiency will be continuously monitored throughout the HDR Protocol using a wearable device. | through study completion, 18 days |
| Number of awakenings (count) | Number of awakenings will be continuously monitored throughout the HDR Protocol using a wearable device. | through study completion, 18 days |
| PBMC H2O2 ( µg/mL) | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be isolated from whole blood samples collected at four time points during the HDR Protocol. H2O2 will be assessed. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| DRP1 (Arbitrary Units) | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be isolated from whole blood samples collected at four time points during the HDR Protocol. Fission expression (DRP1). | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| MFN (Arbitrary Units) | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be isolated from whole blood samples collected at four time points during the HDR Protocol. Mitochondrial fusion expression (MFN) will be assessed. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| PINK1 (Arbitrary Units) | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be isolated from whole blood samples collected at four time points during the HDR Protocol. Mitophagy marker (PINK1) will be assessed. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Parkin (Arbitrary Units) | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be isolated from whole blood samples collected at four time points during the HDR Protocol. Mitophagy marker (Parkin) will be assessed. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Malondialdehyde (nmol/mg) | Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) will be isolated from whole blood samples collected at four time points during the HDR Protocol. Lipid peroxidation will be assessed by measuring malondialdehyde concentrations. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Total lean mass (g) | Body composition will be assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at four time points across the HDR Protocol. Total lean mass will be evaluated in relation to hydration status at each phase. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |
| Total fat mass (g) | Body composition will be assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at four time points across the HDR Protocol. Total fat mass will be evaluated in relation to hydration status during each phase. | Day 2 (Pre-hydration testing), Day 3 (Pre-dehydration testing), Day 4 (Post-dehydration testing), Day 5 (Post-rehydration testing) |