Effects of Exercise, Cognitive Training, and Their Combination in Institutionalized Older Adults

Effects of Physical Exercise Programs, Cognitive Stimulation, and Their Combination on Mobility, Cognitive Function, and Psychosocial Well-Being in Institutionalized Older Adults

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if physical exercise, cognitive stimulation, or a combination of both can improve mobility, cognitive function, and psychosocial well-being in institutionalized older adults aged 65 and older. The main questions it aims to answer are:

• Does physical exercise improve strength, flexibility, balance, and mobility?
• Does cognitive stimulation improve executive function and mental state?
• Does combining both interventions provide greater benefits than either intervention alone?

Researchers will compare the physical exercise group, the cognitive stimulation group, and the combined group to a control group that receives no active intervention to see which approach leads to the most improvement.

Participants will:

• Take part in either physical exercise, cognitive stimulation, or both, 3 times per week for 12 weeks
• Complete assessments before the intervention, after 12 weeks, and again after 6 months
• Answer questionnaires and perform physical and cognitive tests to measure changes in health and well-being

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals of both sexes.
• Age 65 years or older.
• Retired.
• Institutionalized for more than three months.
• Provide informed consent and agree to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Lack of cooperation or cognitive capacity to participate.
• Diagnosis of dementia or Alzheimer's disease.
• Presence of acute medical conditions.
• Physical or cognitive impairments that prevent completion of study procedures.