Participants will engage in moderate-intensity physical exercise sessions 3 times per week for 12 weeks (150 minutes per week), including balance, strength, and functional mobility exercises led by physiotherapists.

Participants will attend 3 weekly sessions for 12 weeks, involving activities such as memory games, problem-solving tasks, orientation exercises, and attention training, led by a psychologist and a social educator.

Participants will receive both the physical exercise and cognitive stimulation programs simultaneously, with the same weekly frequency and duration as the individual interventions.

Participants will continue their usual routines without structured physical or cognitive interventions. They will receive standard care provided by the institution.

Participants will complete supervised moderate-intensity physical exercise sessions three times per week for 12 weeks (totaling 150 minutes per week). The program includes balance, flexibility, strength, and mobility exercises designed according to WHO and ACSM guidelines for older adults. Sessions are delivered in small groups by trained physiotherapists.

Functional mobility will be assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The participant is timed while rising from a chair, walking 3 meters, turning, returning, and sitting.

Score: Time in seconds (lower values indicate better mobility).

Executive function will be assessed using the Stroop Color and Word Test, which evaluates attention, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility.

Score: Time (seconds) and error count; lower values indicate better performance.

The EQ-5D assesses five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression.

Score Range: -0.594 to 1. Higher scores indicate better quality of life.

Balance will be evaluated using the Tinetti POMA. Score Range: 0-28 points. Higher scores indicate better balance and lower risk of falls.