This single-center retrospective cohort study enrolled patients aged ≥18 years who underwent noncardiac surgery between January 2014 and December 2023. The exposure variable was the 7-day average preoperative ambient temperature in Beijing. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between temperature and MINS. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis was performed to enhance the robustness of the findings. Subgroup analyses were performed across predefined clinical strata.

Inclusion Criteria:

• ≥18 years
• underwent noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification V;
• outpatient, hysteroscopic, or body surface surgeries
• surgery duration ≤30 min
• absence of postoperative high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) testing within 30 days
• incomplete clinical data (≥20% missing data)

This retrospective single-center cohort study included 143,095 adult (≥18 years) patients who underwent noncardiac surgery under general anesthesia between January 2014 and December 2023. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification V; (2) outpatient, hysteroscopic, or body surface surgeries; (3) surgery duration ≤30 min; (4) absence of postoperative high-sensitivity troponin T (hs-TnT) testing within 30 days; and (5) incomplete clinical data (≥20% missing data).