This study will be conducted to determine the effects of bladder stimulation and subrapubic cutaneous stimulation techniques applied during urine sampling in infants on the success of urine sampling, pain and procedure time.

Urinary tract infections are common in children. Urine samples and urinalysis are needed to confirm the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Various invasive and noninvasive techniques are used for urine sample collection in children. These techniques include suprapubic aspiration, urinary catheterization, a sterile urine bag, and clean catch techniques. The clean catch technique is a commonly used noninvasive technique for urine sample collection in children. Parents have described clean catch urine collection in children who are not toilet-trained as time-consuming and complex. Alternative techniques that stimulate voiding in children who are not toilet-trained, allowing for quicker collection of urine samples using clean catch techniques, are beneficial. The noninvasive stimulation methods whose effectiveness in infant urine collection will be evaluated in this study are bladder stimulation and suprapubic cutaneous stimulation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• A urine sample must be collected due to suspicion of a urinary tract infection,
• The infant must be being fed orally,
• The skin in the area where the maneuver will be performed must be intact,
• The infant must be conscious and have stable vital signs.
• The infant must be from families that can speak and understand Turkish and are willing to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of respiratory distress and signs of dehydration,
• Presence of a diagnosed chronic health problem,
• Presence of a neurological or anatomical abnormality that may affect bladder function,
• Presence of any diagnostic suspicion (distension, intussusception, appendicitis, etc.) that would preclude the application of the stimulation maneuver,
• Presence of cold stress.

Individual participant data may be shared upon request from the principal investigator, subject to the appropriateness of the request, while ensuring adherence to the rules of confidentiality regarding individual data.

January through March of 2027

Individual participant data may be shared upon request from the principal investigator, subject to the appropriateness of the request, while ensuring adherence to the rules of confidentiality regarding individual data.

Using the block randomization technique, participants will be divided into 3 groups. A web-based randomization list creation tool will be used to create the blocked randomization list. Control and intervention groups will be coded as A, B and C using the sealed envelope method. Randomization information will be kept from the researcher involved in data collection until data collection begins. The researcher will learn which group each child is in just before the application (researcher blinding).Research data will be entered into the computer database by coding the group name as A, B and C, and statistical analysis will be performed using this coding (statistician blinding).