The study aims to evaluate whether unscheduled return visits within one week for similar complaints are impacted by ensuring parents leave the emergency department (ED) with a prescription for appropriately dosed acetaminophen and ibuprofen for their child.

Unscheduled return visits (URV) to the Emergency Department (ED) are a burden on both the healthcare system and patients. Published literature has attempted to categorize the rate of URV and type of complaints that lead to URVs. Rate of URV is variable, but as high as 22% for children with infectious illnesses and parents often return to the ED due to unresolved fever in a child. Unresolved fever may be due to continued progressive worsening of illness or inability to provide the appropriate amount of anti-pyretic (anti fever) medicine to the child, as pediatric medication dosing is not only age-based, but also weight-based. This increased variability could lead to confusion on the part of the caregivers. There are no published studies looking at whether appropriately prescribed antipyretics decrease the rate of return visits. Further, there is no standardization for antipyretic prescribing nationally or at the research team's hospital and some providers frequently provide prescriptions for these medications while others almost never do. It is unknown if providing a prescription for an over-the-counter medication makes a difference with health outcomes. The study aims to evaluate whether unscheduled return visits within one week for similar complaints are impacted by ensuring parents leave the ED with a prescription for appropriately dosed acetaminophen and ibuprofen.

This study will be a single center, randomized controlled trial in the pediatric emergency department (ED) at the north or central campus of Dell Children's Medical Center (DCMC). Patients meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria will be identified by research personnel during the ED visit.

Patients will be randomized to the intervention or control group after parental/caregiver permission is obtained for general participation in a research study. Computerized randomization functions and opaque envelopes will be used to achieve random assignment and allocation concealment. Patient care will look the same for all participants, but discharge process will differ slightly for each group. Both groups will receive standard discharge education, but the intervention group (n=220) will receive prescription with weight-based dosing for acetaminophen and ibuprofen. The control group (n=220) will also receive standardized printed discharge instructions, which includes the appropriate dose of acetaminophen and ibuprofen. As noted above, there is no standardization for antipyretic prescribing nationally or at our hospital. Some providers frequently provide prescriptions for these medications while others almost never do. It is unknown if providing a prescription for an over-the-counter medication makes a difference with patient satisfaction or health outcomes justifying the additional costs to the healthcare system.

One week after discharge, research personnel will contact participants to determine if an unscheduled return visit was made, and, if so, the reason why. Research personnel will ask about visits to EDs, urgent cares, and clinics/primary care providers, and about participant satisfaction with the care they received in the ED. The primary outcome will be unscheduled revisits to the ED (binary endpoint). Secondary endpoints include total number of unscheduled return visits, return with hospital admission, and parental satisfaction with ED care. The participant/caregiver will be debriefed on the randomization part of the study at this time and permission will be requested for continued use their child's health data and the caregiver's responses for the purposes of the research study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children 6 to < 36 months of age being discharged home from Dell Children's Medical Center emergency department who are evaluated for fever
• Caregiver fluent in English or Spanish

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous enrollment in this study
• Patient admitted to hospital
• Parental request for a prescription for acetaminophen and/or ibuprofen
• Trauma patient
• Orthopedic complaint
• Other painful indication for acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Acetaminophen or ibuprofen prescribed for anything other than fever
• Allergy or another contraindication to acetaminophen or ibuprofen
• Parent and patient unlikely to follow up in the region (i.e., lives out of state)

IDP will not be shared to protect patient confidentiality.