Programming codes that interpret atrial fibrillation symptoms and design management plans based on algorithms that reflect the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2024 guidelines and the expertise of consultant cardiologists, finally checked and approved by a cardiologist.

The acceptability of the Virtual Assistant (VA) system will be assessed using an acceptability questionnaire adapted from the 2022 Sekhon et al. Theoretical Framework of Acceptability (TFA). The questionnaire will be completed separately by both patients and research administrators, with the resulting scores reflecting the overall acceptability of the intervention.

The questionnaire employs Likert-type scales and includes the following TFA components, where the highest score shows greater acceptability in that component:

Affective Attitude: 2 items (scored 0-10, where 0 = lowest acceptability and 10 = highest) Burden: 2 items (scored 0-10) Ethicality: 1 item (scored 0-5) Perceived Effectiveness: 1 item (scored 0-7) Intervention Coherence: 1 item (scored 0-5) Self-Efficacy: 2 items (scored 0-10) General Acceptability: 1 item (scored 0-5)

Adherence to the VA system, as a marker of feasibility, will be assessed using a 4-item questionnaire adapted from the study by An, M. et al. ("What really works in intervention? Using fidelity measures to support optimal outcomes." Physical Therapy, 100(5), pp. 757-765). This questionnaire will be completed by patients and is designed to evaluate key aspects of adherence.

Each item is scored on a 4-point scale (0-3), with a total possible score of 12. Higher scores indicate greater adherence to the VA system.