Short foot exercises. Towel-curl exercise. Heel raise exercise. Calf stretch.

This scale will be used to determine the participant's pain threshold. This scale has a 0 to 10 range. The pain scale goes from zero (no pain) to ten (highest agony). High test-retest reliability has been demonstrated using NPRS (r = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively)

The BESS incorporates three stances-double, single, and tandem-to assess static balancing skills. It takes 20 seconds to accomplish each stance. In the BESS, a participant's score is determined by how many mistakes they make; each mistake is worth one point. Opening the eyes, stepping, stumbling, falling, staying out of position for more than five seconds, shifting the hip into more than 30 degrees of flexion or abduction, elevating the forefoot or heel, and lifting the hands of the iliac crests are all examples of potential mistakes. Each posture is permitted to have a maximum of 10 points. A contestant will receive a maximum score of 10 for that stance if they are unable to hold it for five seconds. The total score of the BESS ranges from 0 to 60 and is calculated as the sum of the error points given for each of the six stances.

The Oswestry Handicap Index, also known as the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire, is a very crucial instrument to assess a patient's functional disability over the long term. The evaluation is regarded as the "gold standard" for measuring low-back functional results. The final score/index is on a scale of 0 to 100. Scores range from 0 to 20 for mild impairment, 21 to 60 for severe disability, 61 to 80 for crippled, and 81 to 100 for bed bound.

The hindfoot valgus angle, also known as the valgus angle behind the ankle, is calculated by drawing a line between the midline of the heel and the midline of the lower part of the leg when the participant is in prone lying. After the procedure, the participant will be instructed to stand up, and the angle will be measured once more using a goniometer. Overpronation is defined as a value greater than nine, with 180 degrees being the usual angle. The reliability for angle dorsiflexion is 0.12-0.73 ICC, and the validity is 0.51-0.83