Comparison of Breathing Yoga and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques After Transplantation

Comparison of the Effectiveness of Breathing Yoga and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques in Relieving Pain, Respiratory Complications and Kinesiophobia in Post-Liver Transplant Recipients

The study aims to compare the effectiveness of breathing yoga and progressive muscle relaxation techniques in relieving pain, respiratory complications and kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients.

H1-0: Breathing yoga has no effect in reducing pain in liver transplant recipients.

H1-1: Breathing yoga has an effect in reducing pain in liver transplant recipients.

H2-0: Breathing yoga has no effect in reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients.

H2-1: Breathing yoga has an effect in reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients.

H3-0: Breathing yoga has no effect in relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients.

H3-1: Breathing yoga has an effect in relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients.

H4-0: PMRTs has no effect in reducing pain in liver transplant recipients.

H4-1: PMRTs have an effect on reducing pain in liver transplant recipients.

H5-0: PMRTs have no effect on reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients.

H5-1: PMRTs have an effect on reducing respiratory complications in liver transplant recipients.

H6-0: PMRTs have no effect on relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients.

H6-1: PMRTs have an effect on relieving kinesiophobia in liver transplant recipients.

Experimental group (Breathing Yoga):

Data collection tools (patient introduction form, numerical rating scale, respiratory complications form, Tampa kinesiophobia scale) will be applied before the yoga breathing exercises intervention. Patients will be shown how to practice breathing yoga, and then they will be asked to do it. The stages of breathing yoga are as follows:

Yoga Breathing Exercises:

1. Sama Vritti or "Equal Breathing":
2. Abdominal Breathing Techniques:
3. Nadi Shodhana or "Alternating Breathing":
4. Kapalabhati or "Skull Shining Breath":
5. Progressive Muscle Relaxation:
6. Guided Visualization:

Patients will be given breathing yoga brochures. After discharge, patients will be asked to do breathing yoga once every 8 hours (3 times a day) for 3 months. Patients will be contacted by phone. For the application of the exercises, complications related to the disease, etc. After three months, patients will be invited to the outpatient clinic and during these outpatient clinic visits, scales and forms will be applied to these patients once again to collect posttest data.

Experimental Group (Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques-PMRTs):

Data collection tools (patient identification form, numerical rating scale, respiratory complications form, Tampa Kinesiophobia scale) will be applied before the progressive muscle relaxation exercise intervention. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises will be demonstrated to patients in practice, and then they will be asked to do them. PMRTs stages are as follows:

The patient is placed in a semi-sitting/lying position in bed. While the patient is breathing in and out, 11 different muscle group tightening/releasing exercises are performed. PMRTs are performed by the researchers for 15-20 minutes on the patients. After PMRTs, patients are rested in a quiet and calm patient room.

PMRTs brochures will be given to the patients. After the patients are discharged, they will be asked to perform PMRTs once every 8 hours (3 times a day) for 3 months. Patients will be contacted by phone. For the implementation of the exercises, complications related to the disease, etc. After three months, the patients will be invited to the outpatient clinic and during these outpatient clinic visits, the scales and forms will be applied to these patients once again to collect posttest data.

Control group:

Data collection tools (patient identification form, numerical rating scale, respiratory complications form, Tampa kinesiophobia scale) will be applied to the patients in the control group as part of the pretest. Patients with questions will be allowed to direct their questions to the researchers. After these questions are answered, no intervention will be made to the control group and the patients in the control group will not be contacted at any time for the next three months. After three months, the patients in the control group will be invited to the outpatient clinic and during these outpatient clinic visits, the scales and forms will be applied to these patients once again to collect posttest data. After the data collection process is completed, breathing yoga and progressive muscle relaxation exercises will be demonstrated to the control group patients if they wish. It will be supported with brochures. Patients will be informed that they can contact the researchers by phone for information/support regarding the applications.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Successful liver transplantation,
• Considered to be discharged after liver transplantation,
• Being 18 years old or older,
• No communication or language barriers,
• Agreeing to do PMRTs,
• Agreeing to do breathing yoga

Exclusion Criteria:

• Having any auditory or mental problems,
• Wanting to leave the study,
• Having difficulty/unable to do PMRTs,
• Having any joint-knee and orthopedic disorders,
• Having difficulty/unable to do breathing yoga.