A Biomarker Study to Predict Treatment Outcomes of Enfortumab Vedotin in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma

Biomarker Studies to Predict Treatment Outcomes of Enfortumab Vedotin in Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma

This study aims to find biological markers that help predict how patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma respond to treatment with enfortumab vedotin (EV) or EV-based combination therapies. Since EV can cause significant side effects and is costly, identifying markers such as nectin-4 and related proteins in tumor tissue and blood may help doctors personalize treatment plans. The investigators will enroll about 100 patients receiving EV and compare them to another 100 patients treated with standard chemotherapy. By studying tissue samples and blood at different times, the investigators hope to discover which markers best indicate treatment success or risks. This research could lead to better, safer treatments tailored to each patient's biology.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 20 y/o
2. Histologically confirmed urothelial carcinoma
3. Radiologically documented locally advanced or metastatic disease
4. Exposure to EV (as monotherapy or in combination with pembrolizumab) or first-line platinum-based chemotherapy
5. Complete and identifiable medical records

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Inadequate or insufficient tumor tissues for analyses
2. Incomplete medical records