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Time-restricted eating (TRE) has gained attention as a promising dietary strategy for enhancing body composition and metabolic health. This innovative eating pattern involves confining daily food intake to a specific window, typically spanning 6-10 hours. Given the lack of consensus on the optimal TRE strategy, this research explores whether tailoring eating windows to individual chronotypes enhances TRE outcomes. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of chronotype-matched versus chronotype-unmatched TRE protocols, compared to a control group, over a 12-week period on visceral fat mass and other metabolic health outcomes in physically inactive adults with central obesity. Additionally, the study seeks to determine whether chronotype-matched TRE offers greater benefits in terms of visceral fat reduction and metabolic improvements compared to chronotype-unmatched TRE. Assessments will be conducted at baseline, and after the 12-week intervention.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronotype-matched TRE | Experimental | Participants will eat ad libitum within an 8-hour eating window that match their chronotype. |
|
| Chronotype-unmatched TRE | Active Comparator | Participants will eat ad libitum within an 8-hour eating window that unmatch their chronotype. |
|
| Waitlist control | No Intervention | Participants in the waitlist control group will be instructed to maintain their previous eating or physical activity habits during the 12-week intervention. They will not receive any specific dietary advice or guidance. Weekly check-ins will be conducted to confirm continued participation and adherence. If they wish to participate, we will provide a suitable intervention after the duration of the study period. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chronotype-matched time-restricted eating | Behavioral | A 12 weeks time-restricted eating intervention that match participants' chronotype |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Visceral fat mass | Visceral fat mass will be assessed using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Subcutaneous fat mass | Subcutaneous fat mass will be assessed using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) | 12 weeks |
| Body weight | Body weight (kg) will be measured by a bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) with minimum clothing. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Objectively physical activity levels | Objectively physical activity levels will be assessed by accelerometer, including time spent in sedentary behavior and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). | 12 weeks |
| Chronotype |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong | Hong Kong | China |
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| Chronotype-unmatched time-restricted eating | Behavioral | A 12 weeks time-restricted eating intervention that not match participants' chronotype |
|
| 12 weeks |
| Body mass index (BMI) | BMI (kg/m2) will be calculated using body weight (kg) and height (m) | 12 weeks |
| Body composition (Fat mass, fat free mass) | Body composition including fat mass and fat-free mass (kg) will be measured by bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) with minimum clothing. | 12 weeks |
| Anthropometric measures | Waist and hip circumferences (cm) will be assessed by standard procedures using a tension tape accurate to 0.1 cm. The waist-hip ratio will be calculated accordingly. | 12 weeks |
| Fasting glucose metabolism | Fasting blood samples will be used to analyze biomarkers of glucose metabolism, including fasting glucose (mmol/L), fasting insulin (mU/L), HbA1c (mmol/mol), as well as derived indices (HOMA-IR) calculated from fasting glucose and insulin levels. | 12 weeks |
| Fasting lipid metabolism | Fasting blood samples will be used to analyze different biomarkers of lipid metabolism including triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (mmol/L) | 12 weeks |
| Dietary patterns | Dietary pattern including eating window and dietary intake will be assessed using a seven-day food record | 12 weeks |
| Subjective sleep quality | Subjective sleep quality will be assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) | 12 weeks |
| Objectively sleep quality | Objectively sleep quality will be assessed by accelerometer | 12 weeks |
| Subjective quality of life | Quality of life will be assessed through questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF) | 12 weeks |
| Appetite | Appetite will be measured by visual analog scale (VAS). | 12 weeks |
Chronotype will be assessed through Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire
| 12 weeks |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D056128 | Obesity, Abdominal |
| D000093763 | Intermittent Fasting |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D005215 | Fasting |
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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