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The objective of the study is to determine the effects of cawthorne cooksey exercises on balance in autistic children with vestibular hypofunction. The study will be randomized control trial including 2 experimental groups with estimated 22 participants in each group.
The complex neurodevelopmental disorder known as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects people in a variety of ways, affecting their ability for social interaction, communication, and repetitive behavior. Typically, ASD is recognized and diagnosed in the early childhood years, although its impact can extend throughout a person's life. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a type of condition that affects how a child's brain develops. It appears that they have a somewhat different brain than others, which may have an impact on their behavior, social interactions, and communication. It can involve repetitive actions and a strong focus on specific interests. Symptoms of autism differ from person to person depending on age and ability that's why it is called spectrum disorder. Children with autism spectrum disorder appear to exhibit altered postural control when facing challenging situations. Postural control predominantly relies on the automatic system, necessitates focused attention during various straightforward or intricate tasks, and facilitates the regulation of postural control.
Vestibular functioning refers to operation and effectiveness of vestibular system, which is normally concerned with spatial orientation, movement, and balance. The system is located in the inner ear and comprises of semicircular canals (fluid-filled canals) and sensory receptors. Vestibular dysfunction is another common manifestation is autistic patients. It refers to impaired ability to sense and process sensory information associated with balance, movement, and spatial orientation. The manifestations of vestibular dysfunction include apprehensive behaviors when feet do not touch the ground, avoidance of jumping/climbing, and escaping activities like playing with playground equipment. The children usually exhibit toe walking and take more risks while playing. Interventions to improve balance due to vestibular dysfunction include trampoline Jumping, Gym ball exercises, balance board exercises. Balance issues play a huge role in life of an individual with autism. There is indeed a huge gap and lack of literature on how or if exercise protocols from physical therapy can influence balance in individuals with autism. Although, Previous studies have recommended that Balance issues and autism are directly related and that vestibular dysfunction plays a huge role in maintenance of posture. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of Cawthorne Cooksey exercises on balance. This study will also influence how a physical therapist can improve quality of life of an individual with autism by improving their balance
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional treatment | Active Comparator | Conventional treatment include: Trampoline jumping Gym ball exercise:5reps'Sensory diet: Joint compressions Deeppressure Balance board exercises |
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| Participant Group | Experimental | Cawthorne cooksey exercises |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional treatment | Other | Trampolinejumping:5times. Gym ball exercise:5reps'Sensory diet:- Joint compressions: 1 set x 10reps on limbs, neck, and head region. Deeppressure:1 setx10reps. Balance board exercises. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) | Adapted from the Berg Balance Scale for pediatric use.Assesses flexibility in changing postures and overall postures. - Comprises 14 different balance- related tasks, scored from 0 to 4. Used to assess functional balance skills and motor disorders in school-aged children. | 6 Weeks |
| CTSIB-M | This test is aimed to asses' sensory input when one or more sensory system is compromised. It Assess balance (either vestibular or non- vestibular). It consists of 4 different conditions; 4 conditions e.g. eye open/ eye close and firm surface. Eyes open/ eye close foam surface. each consist of 3 trials. Total time 30 sec for each trial and total score is 120. Excellent reliability and validity. | 6 Weeks |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nadia Azhar, MS-NMPT | Contact | 00923335281431 | Nadia.azhar@riphah.edu.pk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nadia Azhar, MS | Riphah International University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Islamabad, Pakistan | Recruiting | Islamabad | Fedral | 04403 | Pakistan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31949163 | Background | Lord C, Brugha TS, Charman T, Cusack J, Dumas G, Frazier T, Jones EJH, Jones RM, Pickles A, State MW, Taylor JL, Veenstra-VanderWeele J. Autism spectrum disorder. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020 Jan 16;6(1):5. doi: 10.1038/s41572-019-0138-4. | |
| Background | Mughal S, Faizy RM, Saadabadi A. Autism spectrum disorder. 2018 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| D001321 | Autistic Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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Interventional model
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| cawthorne cooksey exercises | Other | Cawthorne Cooksey exercises
Phase1-In bed exerercises:- Eye movements: 1)Up and down 2)Side to side 3)Moving finger away from face
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