Participants in the control group undergo standard right hemicolectomy with D3 lymph node dissection without the use of Indocyanine Green (ICG) or fluorescence imaging. The extent of dissection is determined by conventional anatomical landmarks and the surgeon's clinical judgment.

Gender, age, BMI, pathological stage, tumor size, colon obstruction, etc

A 3-point scoring system will be used to evaluate the quality of the mesenteric dissection surface following surgery. A higher score reflects a well-preserved mesenteric dissection surface with minimal or no damage.

• 3 points: Complete mesenteric dissection (the dissection surface is intact, with no visible damage, and the peritoneal surface is well preserved)
• 2 points: Nearly complete mesenteric dissection (the dissection surface shows some damage, but there is no exposure of tumor tissue)
• 1 point: Incomplete mesenteric dissection (the dissection surface is damaged, with exposure of tumor tissue within the colonic wall.)

Proximal and distal resection lengths

This outcome measure assesses postoperative complications occurring within 30 days after surgery. Complications are classified according to the Clavien-Dindo classification system, which grades adverse events based on their severity and the type of intervention required. Trained clinical staff will record and categorize complications during the postoperative follow-up period.

This outcome measure records whether patients are readmitted to the hospital within 30 days after surgery. In cases of readmission, the reason for readmission will be documented, including complications, treatment-related issues, or other causes as determined by clinical evaluation.

This outcome measure records whether patients undergo reoperation within 30 days after the initial surgery. The reasons for reoperation, such as complications or surgical site issues, will be documented based on clinical evaluation.

A 3-point scoring system will be used intraoperatively to assess the completeness of D3 lymph node dissection using real-time fluorescence imaging.

Higher scores indicate a more complete lymph node dissection.

• 1 point: Residual fluorescent lymph nodes are present in the D3 area (justification required).
• 2 points: Residual fluorescent lymph nodes are present but resection is deemed unnecessary by the surgeon (e.g., outside D3 area; justification required).
• 3 points: No residual fluorescent lymph nodes remain in the D3 area.

• A custom survey developed by the research team will assess surgeons' perceptions of the usefulness, safety, and potential future application of Fluorescence lymph node mapping (FLNM) guided D3 lymphadenectomy in colorectal cancer surgery. The survey includes Likert-type questions (e.g., "Strongly agree" to "Strongly disagree") and multiple-choice items (e.g., "For which patients is FLNM used?").

• Responses will be reported as the proportion of participants selecting each option for key questions, such as:

  • Is FLNM helpful for determining the lymph node dissection range?
  • Do you plan to use FLNM in future surgeries?
  • Do you believe FLNM helps reduce complications?
  • For which patient groups is FLNM currently used?

• The survey will be conducted at two time points: (1) before enrollment of the first subject (after IRB approval), and (2) after enrollment of all subjects has been completed.