CT imaging data and MR imaging data from liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) patients prior to the initiation of immunotherapy (and possibly also after treatment) will be collected. The processing pipeline includes automatic tumor segmentation, radiomics feature extraction, feature selection, and construction of a classification model.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients were treated for hepatocellular carcinoma in Wuhan Union Hospital from July 2025 to July 2026;
2. Aged > 18 years old;
3. At least one CT scan or MR scan before treatment;
4. Tissue biopsy pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of the above tumors.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Poor image quality;
2. Incomplete clinical data or loss of follow-up;
3. Presence of another primary malignancy other than liver cancer;
4. Unclear pathological diagnosis.

Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma