Nature-based Therapy, such as forest bathing and horticultural therapy, has been shown to have physical, psychological and emotional health benefits. We posit that personalised and guided Nature-based Therapy, which leverages the benefits of therapeutic gardens in an urban hospital setting, improves the overall wellbeing of elderly inpatients with dementia (aged >65 years old) and their caregivers, as well as patients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation. To determine the effectiveness of Nature-based Therapy for these two inpatient populations, we designed a pilot study, TGIF, to be conducted at the dementia and rehabilitation medicine wards at Changi General Hospital in Singapore.

TGIF consists of two concurrent trials targeting two patient populations: elderly inpatients with dementia admitted to the dementia ward, and inpatients undergoing inpatient rehabilitation at the rehabilitation wards in a tertiary teaching hospital in Singapore. At the dementia wards, we aim to determine if Nature-based Therapy improved the neuropsychiatric symptoms such as agitation, restlessness and aggression among elderly inpatients living with cognitive impairment, defined as either delirium or dementia or both. Concurrent with the improved neuropsychiatric symptoms, the study team will also study the improved quality of life among the family, caregivers and hence reduced caregiver burden. At the rehabilitation medicine wards, we aim to determine if Nature-based Therapy improves mood, physical function, and quality of life.

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients with dementia:

1. Age 65-100 years old
2. Have a diagnosis of delirium/ dementia or both.
3. Have diagnosis of dementia with and without behavioural symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
4. Ability to communicate with the Nature-based Therapist (in languages such as English, Mandarin Chinese, Chinese dialects or Malay)
5. Manageable behavioural symptoms and able to focus attention for minimum of 30 minutes

Rehabilitation Medicine patients:

1. Age 21-100 years old
2. Acquired brain injury with residual impairments, which can be either in the i) motor, and/or ii) cognitive domains, and/or iii) suspected or diagnosed mood disorders (including adjustment disorder, depression and anxiety disorders) -patients would then be stratified according to the category(s) of impairments both for consideration of interventions and for outcome measures/analysis
3. Additional Physical/Cognitive Criteria required will depend on range of specific therapeutic activities that could be prescribed/administered (eg.at least 1 upper limb with Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) of at least 3/5, with ability for active grasp/release, ability to sustain attention for the duration of the session, cognitive Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score of at least 25 points etc)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. In isolation due to contact, droplet or airborne precautions
2. Unable to provide consent and lack of surrogate decision maker to provide consent
3. Poorly managed psychiatric or behaviour symptoms with threats to others surrounding them.
4. Age < 21 years
5. Patients who are haemodynamically unstable.
6. Patients on strict bed rest

The dataset is restricted due to ethical limitations.