Pre-emptive Analgesia Using Nebulized Ketamine Versus Nebulized Dexmedetomidine in Endoscopic Nasal Surgeries

Pre-emptive Analgesia Using Nebulized Ketamine Versus Nebulized Dexmedetomidine in Endoscopic Nasal Surgeries

this study aims to compare the efficacy of pre-emptive nebulized ketamine versus nebulized dexmedetomidine for post operative pain relief in endoscopic nasal surgery

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients between the ages of 20 and 60,
• both sexes,
• American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II
• BMI ≥18≤30 kg/m²

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient refusal.
• patients with advanced respiratory, renal, hepatic, neurological, or psychiatric disease, pregnant or nursing women.
• patients with a history of allergies to any study drugs.
• patients who had used central nervous system depressants or analgesics within the previous 24 hours.
• patients with hypertension, hypotension, or bradycardia.