Gestational Diabetes and Human Milk Composition Study

Effect of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Serum Hormone Levels and Human Milk Composition

This study aims to compare hormone levels and milk composition in women with and without gestational diabetes through postpartum human milk and blood samples.

Pregnant women with GDM who received medical nutrition therapy and healthy controls were evaluated on postpartum days 14 and 30. Human milk and blood samples, as well as 3-day food consumption records, were collected. Levels of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, ghrelin, chemerin, and dermcidin in blood and milk were measured and compared with macronutrient contents of milk.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Voluntary pregnant women with singleton pregnancies
• No complications or chronic diseases.

Exclusion Criteria:

• With pregnant and post-partum complications or chronic diseases
• Mothers who feed their babies with formula