Smoking is one of the main risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the primary indication for lung transplantation (LT) in France. Resumption of smoking after transplantation is associated with an increased risk of graft dysfunction, neoplasia and reduced survival. The prevalence of resumption of smoking after transplantation is based on few data available in the literature and is estimated at between 0 and 15%. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking in transplantation. These results will enable healthcare professionalś to carry out information, education, prevention and support actions to help patients stop smoking throughout the transplantation process.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient who has undergone a lung transplant (single, double or heart-lung) and is being followed up in a transplant centre in France;
• Age ≥ 18 years;
• French-speaking patient;
• Patient able to give his non-opposition.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient under guardianship or curatorship;
• Patient deprived of liberty ;
• Patient under court protection;
• Patients who object to the use of their data for this research.

Patients who have benefited from a lung or cardiopulmonary transplantation