This study is designed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS) in detecting clinically significant prostate cancer, using histopathology (biopsy results) as the gold standard. Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity among men globally, and its detection often varies across ethnic groups due to genetic, environmental, and healthcare access factors. This research aims to evaluate how MRI and TRUS perform across diverse ethnic populations to determine the most reliable imaging modality for early diagnosis.

The study will follow an observational, cross-sectional design. Patients suspected of having prostate cancer will undergo both MRI and TRUS imaging before a prostate biopsy. Imaging findings will be recorded and compared to the histopathological outcomes from biopsy samples. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value will be calculated for each modality. Additionally, subgroup analysis will be performed to evaluate performance variations across different ethnic groups.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male patients who are 40 years of age or older
• Individuals who exhibit increased PSA values (e.g., PSA >4 ng/mL) or abnormal results on a digital rectal examination (DRE), which are clinical indicators of prostate cancer) 16

Exclusion Criteria:

• Individuals who have previously had treatment for prostate cancer, such as hormone therapy, chemotherapy, radiation, or surgery
• Severe comorbidities that make safe imaging or biopsy impossible, such as severe heart failure or end-stage renal disease

The primary condition under investigation in this study is clinically significant prostate cancer, a malignant disease affecting the prostate gland in men. The study focuses on the diagnostic evaluation and detection of this condition using two commonly employed imaging techniques: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Transrectal Ultrasound (TRUS).