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The goal of this observational study is to determine whether relaxation exercises performed before cranio-cervical flexion can reduce superficial neck muscle activation (specifically sternocleidomastoid and upper trapezius) in individuals with neck pain.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
Researchers will compare the group performing relaxation exercises before cranio-cervical flexion to the group performing only cranio-cervical flexion to see if there is a measurable difference in superficial neck muscle activation.
Participants will:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Relaxation Exercises Group | Experimental | This group will do relaxation exercises based on reciprocal inhibition, autogenic inhibition, proprioceptive training and postural training. |
|
| Just Lie Back Group | Sham Comparator | This group do nothing but just lie back before and after actual measurements. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise | Other | Average of 10 minutes relaxation exercises guided with a standard audio record based on reciprocal and autogenic muscle inhibition, proprioceptive training and postural training. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numerical Pain Rating Scale | On the numerical pain scale, the patient will be asked, "0 means no pain at all, 10 means unbearable pain, representing the worst pain/unbearable pain you have ever experienced. On a scale of 0 to 10, how would you rate your pain?" | At enrollment (pre-intervention) and immediately after the relaxation exercise intervention or sham intervention (Day 1) |
| Turkish Version of Core Outcome Measure Index for Neck Pain | The first question consists of two 10-point numerical pain scales that ask about neck and arm-shoulder pain. Whichever of these two questions receives a higher response is used. The other five questions are five point Likert-type response questions. The six items cover five dimensions: pain intensity (neck and arm/shoulder pain), neck-related function, symptom-specific well-being, overall quality of life, and disability (social and work). The total score is calculated by taking the average of all responses. To form the Core Outcome Measure Index summary score, each of the dimension scores is transformed to a 0-10 scale and these are then averaged to give a score ranging from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating a worse status. | At enrollment (pre-intervention) |
| EMG Activation Level of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle During Craniocervical Flexion Maneuver | EMG Activation Level of Sternocleidomastoid Muscle During Craniocervical Flexion Maneuver standardized with Stabilizer Pressure Biofeedback Device | At enrollment (pre-intervention) and immediately after the relaxation exercise intervention (Day 1) |
| EMG Activation Level of Upper Trapezius Muscle During Standing Still | EMG Activation Level of Upper Trapezius Muscle During Standing Still | At enrollment (pre-intervention) and immediately after the relaxation exercise intervention (Day 1) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utku BerberoÄŸlu, PhD | Contact | +902666121400 | 151315 | utku.berber@gmail.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Health Sciences | Balıkesir | Balıkesir | 10145 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26745361 | Background | Rota E, Evangelista A, Ceccarelli M, Ferrero L, Milani C, Ugolini A, Mongini F. Efficacy of a workplace relaxation exercise program on muscle tenderness in a working community with headache and neck pain: a longitudinal, controlled study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2016 Aug;52(4):457-65. Epub 2016 Jan 8. | |
| 33139645 | Background |
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This ethics committee has not yet established a data policy regarding open data. Otherwise, I would share it once it has been anonymised. I am still discussing this matter with the committee.
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| Sham (No Treatment) | Other | This group take no treatment between actual before and after measurements. |
|
| Lee BK, Seo DK. The Importance of Optimal Gaze Direction on Deep Neck Flexor Activation in Chronic Neck Pain. Healthcare (Basel). 2020 Nov 1;8(4):449. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8040449. |
| 34980079 | Background | Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, Pourfathi H, Araj-Khodaei M, Sullman MJM, Kolahi AA, Safiri S. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022 Jan 3;23(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04957-4. |
| 19632880 | Background | Jull GA, Falla D, Vicenzino B, Hodges PW. The effect of therapeutic exercise on activation of the deep cervical flexor muscles in people with chronic neck pain. Man Ther. 2009 Dec;14(6):696-701. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2009.05.004. Epub 2009 Jul 25. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| C005703 | salicylhydroxamic acid |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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