Participants with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18 and 24 kg/m². Subjects in this group performed a standardized drop jump (DJ) protocol consisting of 100 total jumps from a 60 cm platform. Muscle damage markers (Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase) were measured pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 24 hours post-exercise.

Participants with a Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 35 kg/m². Subjects in this group performed the same standardized drop jump (DJ) protocol as the normal weight group. Blood samples were collected at three time points to evaluate changes in muscle damage markers (Creatine Kinase and Lactate Dehydrogenase).

A standardized drop jump (DJ) protocol involving 100 total jumps from a 60 cm platform. Participants performed five sets of 20 jumps, with a 10-second rest between jumps and a 2-minute rest between sets. The protocol was designed to induce muscle damage through eccentric loading.

Serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations measured at three time points: before the exercise protocol, immediately after the protocol, and 24 hours post-exercise. CK is a biomarker of muscle damage. Blood samples were analyzed using a standard biochemical analyzer.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentrations measured at three time points: before the exercise protocol, immediately after the protocol, and 24 hours post-exercise. LDH is used to evaluate exercise-induced muscle damage. Blood samples were centrifuged and analyzed using standardized laboratory techniques.