Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Systematic Unmet Needs Assessment and Management (SUNAM) Protocol, an algorithm-based intervention developed from the unmet needs theory of BPSD, in reducing Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) among institutionalized residents. Both the experimental and control groups received 100 minutes of BPSD foundational education and 100 minutes of VR simulation training. The experimental group received an additional 150 minutes of SUNAM protocol training. The study aims to determine whether integrating SUNAM into caregiver training enhances BPSD assessment, management, and reduction by addressing unmet needs.
Background:Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) are common and distressing for dementia residents and their caregivers. These symptoms often arise from unmet needs, yet current care practices frequently fail to systematically identify and address them. As a result, effective management of BPSD remains a significant challenge in long-term care settings.
Purpose:This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Systematic Unmet Needs Assessment and Management (SUNAM) Protocol, an algorithm-based intervention developed based on the unmet needs theory of BPSD. The intervention focuses on identifying and addressing unmet needs to reduce BPSD and improve care outcomes by enhancing caregivers' ability to manage these symptoms more effectively.
Methods:This is a cluster-randomized controlled trial with a repeated measures design conducted across long-term care (LTC) facilities. Both the experimental and control groups received 100 minutes of BPSD foundational education and 100 minutes of VR-based training. The experimental group additionally received 150 minutes of training on the Systematic Unmet Needs Assessment and Management (SUNAM) Protocol, an algorithm-based intervention developed to identify and address unmet needs related to BPSD. Resident data, including demographics, medical conditions, Barthel Index, and MMSE scores, were collected. Outcome measures included the frequency of BPSD, the number of unmet needs, and the frequency of BPSD assessment and management, all of which were assessed for the past two weeks at three time points (pre-intervention, two weeks after the intervention, and four-week follow-up). Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0, with descriptive statistics and mixed linear models to examine improvements within and between groups over time.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental Group | Experimental | This group will receive BPSD foundational education, VR-based training and SUNAM protocol. |
|
| Active Comparator Group | Active Comparator | This group will receive BPSD foundational education and VR-based training. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Comparator Group | Behavioral | The group will receive: 1.Foundational Education: A structured session introducing key concepts of BPSD, symptom recognition, and general management approaches. 2.Simulation-Based Training: An interactive training module using case-based simulation to illustrate common BPSD scenarios and guide caregivers in applying appropriate strategies. This group will not receive the protocol-based intervention component. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in frequency of BPSD assessment and management. | Measured using a structured checklist documenting the weekly frequency (over the past two weeks) of caregivers' assessment of BPSD, use of non-pharmacological interventions, and referrals to other professionals. | Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up. |
| Change in number of unmet needs. | Measured using a 27-item Dementia Unmet Needs Checklist covering physical, psychological, social, and environmental domains. Items are rated yes/no (1/0), with higher scores indicating more unmet needs. | Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in frequency of BPSD symptoms. | Measured using a 34-item composite checklist developed by integrating the 29 items from the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) with five additional commonly observed emotional and psychiatric symptoms in dementia (e.g., anxiety, depression, hallucinations, delusions, refusal to eat or care), with each item rated on a 7-point scale based on observed frequency over the past two weeks. Higher scores reflect greater symptom severity. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yi-Heng Chen, PhD | Contact | +886-2-26360303 Ext. 1320 | yiheng@mmc.edu.tw | |
| Yi-Heng Chen, PhD | Contact | yiheng@mmc.edu.tw |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Yi-Heng C, PhD | Mackay Medical University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guang-En Senior Care Center | Enrolling by invitation | New Taipei City | Taiwan | |||
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Experimental Group | Behavioral | The intervention consists of three components:
|
|
| Baseline, 2-week post-intervention, and 4-week follow-up. |
| Guang-En Senior Care Center |
| Recruiting |
| New Taipei City |
| Taiwan |
|
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |