In the strengthening exercises, the amount of weight was determined based on 40 to 60 percent of the one-repetition maximum. Each exercise was performed in two sets of six to eight repetitions. The exercise sessions lasted approximately 40 minutes and included a 10-minute warm-up, 20 minutes of strengthening exercises, and a 10-minute cool-down period. To perform the strengthening exercises, resistance bands (Theraband), dumbbells, weighted balls, sandbags, and a resistance bicycle were used. The exercises were performed for both the upper and lower extremities.

For the upper extremities, shoulder abduction, elbow extension, and shoulder extension exercises were performed using a theraband; elbow flexion, shoulder flexion, and elbow extension exercises were performed using dumbbells; and shoulder abduction exercises were performed using a weighted ball. For the lower extremities, knee extension, hip extension, and hip abduction exercises were performed using a resistance bicycle.

It is scored from 0 to 56, with higher scores indicating better balance performance.

Within the scope of the Temporal-Spatial Variables Method, step length, double step length, step width, and the number of steps taken per minute were evaluated. Increases in step length and double step length, a decrease in step width, and an increase in the number of steps per minute were associated with improvements in gait.

The Timed Up and Go Test is performed by measuring, in seconds, the time it takes for an individual to stand up from a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, walk back, and sit down again. A shorter time indicates better gait performance.

Cognitive function in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is scored between 0 and 30, with higher scores indicating better cognitive performance.

The Dynamic Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment - Geriatric Version (DLOTCA-G) is a cognitive assessment tool scored between 17 and 119. Higher scores indicate better cognitive functioning.

Activforce-2 is a digital dynamometer used for the objective measurement of muscle strength. In this study, muscle strength of the Biceps, Triceps, Middle Deltoid, Quadriceps, Hamstrings, Gluteal muscles, and Gastrocnemius was assessed using the Activforce-2 device.