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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1919B012327345 | Other Grant/Funding Number | The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey | OTHER |
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This randomised controlled trial aims to investigate the effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises (PMRE) on depression, anxiety, stress, future-oriented attitudes, and biopsychosocial responses in nursing students. The study was conducted between June 2024 and June 2025 with students enrolled in the Nursing Department. Data collection took place between January and March 2025. When selecting participants, a list of participants meeting the inclusion criteria was created using snowball sampling. A total of 104 students were randomly divided into experimental and control groups of 52 students each. Data were collected using the DASS-21, Future Orientation Scale, and Biopsychosocial Response Scale for Nursing Students.
Nursing students often face academic stress, emotional demands and clinical responsibilities, which can lead to psychological problems such as depression, anxiety, stress and concerns about their future. These issues can affect both their well-being and professional competence. Progressive muscle relaxation exercises (PMRE) are recognised as a useful method for reducing muscle tension, managing stress, and improving emotional regulation.
This randomised controlled trial was conducted between June 2024 and June 2025 with students studying Nursing. The data collection phase was carried out between January and March 2025. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria were identified using snowball sampling, and a list was created. A total of 104 nursing students on this list were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (receiving PMRE) or a control group, with 52 participants in each group. A pre-test-post-test design was used. Measurement tools included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), the Future Orientation Scale, and the Biopsychosocial Response Scale for Nursing Students.
This study was supported by the Turkish Scientific and Technological Research Council (TÃœBÄ°TAK) under the 2209-A University Student Research Projects Support Programme.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Participants in this group received progressive relaxation exercises (PRE) | Experimental | A structured progressive muscle relaxation program based on Jacobson's technique was implemented. The intervention lasted four weeks, with participants practicing three times per week in 45-minute sessions. The exercises were initially demonstrated in person by the researcher to ensure correct technique. Subsequently, participants followed pre-recorded audio instructions during each session to maintain consistency. The intervention aimed to reduce psychological symptoms and support biopsychosocial well-being in nursing students. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | Participants in this group did not receive any behavioral or psychological intervention during the study period. They continued their normal academic activities without any additional support or guidance. No relaxation techniques or recordings were provided to this group. Data were collected at the same time points as the experimental group to ensure consistency in measurement. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progressive relaxation exercise | Other | The intervention was based on Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) technique. Participants in the experimental group practiced PMR three times per week for four weeks. Each session lasted approximately 45 minutes and was conducted in a quiet environment. In the first session, the researcher provided face-to-face instruction. Subsequent sessions were guided by standardized audio recordings, and the participants were followed through scheduled online video calls. The intervention aimed to reduce depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and to promote biopsychosocial well-being in nursing students. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in depression, anxiety, and stress levels measured by DASS-21 | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 (DASS-21) will be used to assess changes in psychological symptoms. It consists of three subscales measuring depression, anxiety, and stress. The scale will be administered at baseline (pre-test) and after the 4-week intervention (post-test). | Baseline and Week 4 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in future orientation levels measured by the Future Orientation Scale | The Future Orientation Scale will be used to evaluate students' attitudes toward the future, including goal-setting, planning, and optimism. The scale will be administered before and after the intervention to detect changes. | Baseline and Week 4 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ondokuz Mayıs University | Samsun | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Individual participant data (IPD) will not be shared due to ethical restrictions and the scope of the study. The research was conducted as part of a TÃœBÄ°TAK 2209-A student project and approved only for academic use. No explicit consent or ethical approval was obtained for external data sharing.
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This study used a two-arm, parallel assignment design. Participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which received progressive muscle relaxation exercises, or the control group, which received no intervention. A pretest-posttest design was used to assess outcomes.
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Participants were blinded to their group allocation during the intervention process. The outcome assessor (statistician) was also blinded to group assignment during data analysis to reduce bias.
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| Change in biopsychosocial response levels measured by the Biopsychosocial Response Scale for Nursing Students |
This scale measures students' emotional, physical, and social stress-related symptoms. It will be administered at baseline and after the intervention to assess changes in biopsychosocial well-being. |
| Baseline and Week 4 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| D011602 | Psychophysiologic Disorders |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001326 | Autogenic Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006990 | Hypnosis |
| D026441 | Mind-Body Therapies |
| D000529 | Complementary Therapies |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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