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Breastfeeding, though essential for the nourishment and development of newborns, often imposes significant musculoskeletal strain on mothers, particularly in the neck and shoulder regions. Prolonged static postures, repetitive feeding routines, and improper ergonomic positions contribute to mechanical stress, leading to chronic discomfort or pain during the postpartum period Postnatal women frequently assume awkward positions while nursing, such as forward head posture, rounded shoulders, and spinal flexion, which contribute to musculoskeletal dysfunctions . The cumulative load on the musculoskeletal and fascial systems during breastfeeding leads to muscle imbalances, myofascial tightness, and trigger point development.
Current physiotherapy interventions emphasize posture education, ergonomic training, and targeted exercises to mitigate this pain. Posture correction exercises aim to improve alignment, decrease strain on muscles and joints, and enhance motor control in the upper quarter . Soft tissue moblization a manual therapy technique targeting fascial layers, has also shown promising results in improving mobility, reducing trigger point activity, and decreasing referred pain.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shoulder and Neck Strengthening + Postural Correction Exercises | Experimental |
| |
| Shoulder and Neck Strengthening + soft tissue mobilization | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shoulder and Neck Strengthening + Postural Correction Exercises | Combination Product | Physiotherapy exercises of Shoulder and Neck Strengthening + Postural Correction Exercises for shoulder and neck pain |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) | The Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) is an 11-point scale used to measure pain intensity, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain imaginable). | 6 Month |
| Neck Disability Index (NDI) | The Neck Disability Index (NDI) is a questionnaire used to assess how neck pain affects a person's daily life and disability. It consists of 10 items, each scored on a 0-5 scale, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 50. A higher score indicates greater perceived disability due to neck pain | 6 Months |
| Breastfeeding self efficacy scale | All items are preceded by the phrase ''I can always'' and rated on a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not at all confident) to 5 (always confident). Total scores range from 14 to 70, with higher scores reflecting more significant levels of breastfeeding self-efficacy | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lahore City | Lahore | Pakistan |
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| Shoulder and Neck Strengthening + soft tissue mobilization | Combination Product | Physiotherapy exercises of Shoulder and Neck Strengthening + soft tissue mobilization Exercises for shoulder and neck pain |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020069 | Shoulder Pain |
| D019547 | Neck Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018771 | Arthralgia |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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