This is a retrospective, multicenter cohort study to compare short- and long-term outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic hemicolectomy of right colon cancer.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 1.Underwent radical right hemicolectomy by Da Vinci robotic or laparoscopic surgery 2.Postoperative pathology confirmed right colon adenocarcinoma (pT2-T4aNxM0; including cecal adenocarcinoma, ascending colon adenocarcinoma, hepatic flexure colon adenocarcinoma, and proximal transverse colon adenocarcinoma) 3.Complete clinical data and pathological results available

Exclusion Criteria:

• 1.Received neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery 2.History of other malignancies in the past 5 years (except cured cervical carcinoma in situ, basal cell carcinoma, or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) 3.Distant metastases (e.g., liver, lung) or extensive abdominal/pelvic metastases confirmed by contrast-enhanced CT, PET-CT, or intraoperative exploration 4.Comorbid neurological/psychiatric disorders impairing ability to express informed consent 5.Poor systemic condition with contraindications to general anesthesia 6.Severe obesity (BMI >35 kg/m²) 7.Severe widespread abdominal adhesions precluding safe pneumoperitoneum establishment 8.Emergency surgery due to tumor perforation or obstruction 9.Refusal to provide informed consent

The procedures were performed by 16 surgeons from 16 participating centers. Both primary surgeons and assistants completed standardized training in robotic and laparoscopic surgical techniques and obtained certification. Each center performs over 100 robotic- or laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomies annually. Primary surgeons had performed at least 50 cases of both robotic and laparoscopic-assisted radical right hemicolectomy.