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In this study, it was aimed to investigate the acute effect of inspiratory muscle training of different intensities on intercostal muscle oxygenation in healthy individuals.
The functional activity of the respiratory system must be regular and efficient in order to meet the oxygen needs of tissues and organs. The mechanical function of the respiratory system is significantly related to the working capacity of the respiratory muscles. The diaphragm is the primary muscle that provides respiratory functions among the respiratory muscles.The external intercostal muscles help with the inspiration, while the internal intercostal muscles help with the expiration. The basis of inspiratory muscle training is to reduce dyspnea, increase inspiratory muscle function and exercise tolerance. Inspiratory muscle training provides an increase in muscle strength by increasing inspiratory muscle strength, reducing metaboreflex activity and increasing blood flow to the muscles. Training is thought to minimize the effects of activation of inspiratory muscle metaboreflex in both healthy individuals and patients with heart failure. In chronic respiratory patients, forced inspiration effort reduces capillary perfusion of the respiratory muscles, thus increasing the oxygen demand of the muscle. Muscle oxygen saturation shows the oxygen uptake and oxygen consumption of the muscle. It aims to investigate the mechanisms involved in the metaboreflex response to respiratory fatigue in inspiratory muscle training, which severity will acutely reduce it more.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sham inspiratory muscle training (Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) 0%) | Experimental | Individuals participating in the study will be randomly assigned sham inspiratory muscle training sessions maximal inspiratory pressure of 0% under the supervision of a specialist physiotherapist for 30 minutes. |
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| MIP 30% inspiratory muscle training | Experimental | Individuals participating in the study will be randomly assigned inspiratory muscle training sessions maximal inspiratory pressure of 30% under the supervision of a specialist physiotherapist for 30 minutes. |
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| MIP 70% inspiratory muscle training | Experimental | Individuals participating in the study will be randomly assigned inspiratory muscle training sessions maximal inspiratory pressure of 70% under the supervision of a specialist physiotherapist for 30 minutes. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sham inspiratory muscle training (MIP 0%) | Device | POWERbreathe Wellness (POWERbreathe International Ltd.., England, UK) device will be used for inspiratory muscle training. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of intercostal muscle oxygenation | Before the inspiratory muscle training sessions, the muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) of the intercostal muscles in recovery during and after the training session will be measured using a Moxy® monitor (Moxy, Fortiori Design LLC, Minnesota, USA). | Second, Third and Fourth day |
| Evaluation of intercostal muscle total hemoglobin level | Before the inspiratory muscle training sessions, total hemoglobin level (THb) of the intercostal muscles in recovery during and after the training session will be measured using a Moxy® monitor (Moxy, Fortiori Design LLC, Minnesota, USA). | Second, Third and Fourth day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of respiratory muscle strength | An electronic mouth pressure device will be used to evaluate respiratory muscle strength. Patients will have maximal inspiratory pressure and maximal expiratory pressure measured with a mouth pressure measuring device. | First day |
| Evaluation of respiratory muscle endurance |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BaĹźak KAVALCI KOL, PhD | Contact | +903862802317 | basak.kavalci@ahievran.edu.tr |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Center, Cardiopulmonary Unit | Recruiting | Kırşehir | Turkey (Türkiye) |
Data will be stored in a locked cabinet.
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This study was designed as a single-blind randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
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| MIP 30% inspiratory muscle training | Device | POWERbreathe Wellness (POWERbreathe International Ltd.., England, UK) device will be used for inspiratory muscle training. |
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| MIP 70% inspiratory muscle training | Other | POWERbreathe Wellness (POWERbreathe International Ltd.., England, UK) device will be used for inspiratory muscle training. |
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The incremental threshold loading test will be used to evaluate respiratory muscle endurance. The PowerBreathe Wellness® (HaB International Ltd. Southam, UK) will be used in the incremental threshold loading test. |
| First day |
| Evaluation of pulmonary function (Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)) | Measurement of FEV1 will be performed with spirometer according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. | First day |
| Evaluation pulmonary function (Forced vital capacity (FVC)) | Measurement of FVC will be performed with spirometer according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. | First day |
| Evaluation of pulmonary function (FEV1/FVC) | Measurement of FEV1/FVC will be performed with spirometer according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. | First day |
| Evaluation of pulmonary function (Flow rate 25-75% of forced expiratory volume (FEF 25-75%)) | Measurement of FEF 25-75% will be performed with spirometer according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. | First day |
| Pulmonary function (Peak expiratory flow (PEF)) | Measurement of PEF will be performed with spirometer according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society. | First day |
| Evaluation of physical activity level | The physical activity level of individuals will be evaluated using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. A score is obtained by multiplying the metabolic equivalent (MET) value by days and minutes. When calculating the walking score, the walking time will be multiplied by 3.3 METs; when calculating the moderate intensity activity score, it will be multiplied by 4 METs; when calculating the vigorous activity score, it will be multiplied by 8 METs. Physical activity levels will be classified as physically inactive (3000 MET-min/week). | First day |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000072277 | Maximal Respiratory Pressures |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012129 | Respiratory Function Tests |
| D003948 | Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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