Dry Eye Disease and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Chronic Smokers

Assessment of Dry Eye Disease and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Chronic Smokers

This study aimed to examine the impact of long-term smoking on dry eye parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in individuals who are chronic smokers.

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifaceted disorder of the ocular surface characterized by instability of the tear film, which subsequently leads to symptoms such as ocular discomfort, visual disturbances, and potential damage to the surface of the eye.

Cigarette smoking has been recognized as a possible contributing factor to the development of DED, with various reports suggesting that it may alter tear film composition and stability, leading to ocular surface damage.

Chronic smoking can lead to oxidative stress, vascular dysfunction, and inflammation, which may contribute to retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning and optic nerve damage.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age from 30 to 60 years.
• Both sexes.
• Chronic smokers.

Exclusion Criteria:

• History of ocular surface diseases affecting tear production or secretion (such as Sjogren's syndrome or Stevens-Johnson disease).
• Conjunctivitis.
• Blepharitis.
• Chronic contact lens use or gross lid abnormalities.
• Preexisting glaucoma.
• Retinal diseases.
• Optic nerve pathology.
• Ocular trauma.
• Chemical burns.
• Recent eye surgery (within three months).
• Trachoma-related complications